Anomalies of sand flies in Venezuela

Abstract

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Taxonomic studies of the subgenus Helcocyrtomya: I. Series Oswaldoi (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae)

“…In males, the most common modifications are indeed in the number of spines on the gonostyli (Dancensco and Chadli 1979;Kaul and Wattal 1979;Leger et al 1982). The type and frequency of anomalies are important and must be considered for the correct identification of specimens; even when their origin and significance are not yet known (Feliciangeli et al 1985). The present investigation illustrates a case of poor practice in taxonomy with the description of a new species based on only a single specimen whose origin is also uncertain.…”

“…Morphological variation has been reported for both Old and New World sand flies (Abonnenc et al 1971;Feliciangeli et al 1985), though teratological specimens are rarely found in populations. In males, the most common modifications are indeed in the number of spines on the gonostyli (Dancensco and Chadli 1979;Kaul and Wattal 1979;Leger et al 1982).…”

Morphological Anomaly in the Scutum of <i>Bichromomyia olmeca bicolor</i> (Diptera: Psychodidae), Captured in Iñapari Town, Trinational Border Peru, Brazil and Bolivia

“…trinidadensis (Mi. trinidadensis (Newstead)) [8], Lu. intermedia (Nyssomyia intermedia (Lutz & Neiva)) [9]; Lu.…”

“…lichyi (Floch & Abonnenc), Lu. gomezi (Nitzulescu) [8] and, Lu. evansi (Pintomyia evansi (Nuñez-Tovar)) [15].…”

“…Another problem with classical taxonomy in sand flies is the occurrence of anomalies, which are generally observed in paired morphological structures (bilateral or unilateral anomalies). The occurrence of anomalies in the male genitalia (gonostyles, parameres and epandrial lobes), female genitalia (spermathecae) and in the cibarium (female) has been reported for different species of sand flies [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”