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University of California Press and AmericanOrnithologists' Union are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Ornithological Monographs.Abstract. -A number of bird species in southwestern Amazonia are associated with stands of bamboo. We studied the birds in bamboo in two regions, eastern Rondonia near the Rio Jiparana where a single small patch was located, and near Alta Floresta, in northern Mato Grosso, where several extensive bamboo stands were explored. We found a moderately large bamboo avifauna at each site, with eight species in Rondonia and ten at Alta Floresta. In species accounts, we discuss the significance of these records and provide notes on the ecology and behavior of these bamboo species. For most of these species, these records represented significant range extensions. Four species were recorded in Brazil for the first time. We also located a population of Poecilotriccus tricolor, previously known from a unique type, in Rondonia. We determined that it should be treated as a weakly differentiated subspecies of Poecilotriccus capitalis.