“…It contributes to reducing morbidity, mortality, and the side effects of HD, such as muscle cramps, malnutrition, sepsis, and infections. Moreover, it reduces hospitalization risk and promotes the maintenance of a good quality of life and health 3,5,8,[21][22][23][24] . However, failure to adhere to the HD regimen can lead to serious and occasionally fatal conditions, such as hypertension, muscle cramps, arteriovenous fistula (AVF) blockage, dyspnea associated with pulmonary edema, or heart attack due to hyperkalemia, and can lead to poor quality of life, decreased life expectancy, increased morbidity, mortality, and a higher cost and burden on the health care system 3,16,17,25 .…”