Salivary metabolomic profile in adolescents with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract

The aim of this study was to characterize the salivary metabolomic profile in adolescents with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE). A total of 24 adolescents with jSLE (15.92 ± 2.06 years) and 12 systemically healthy controls (15.25 ± 2.7 years) were included in the study. Participants underwent rheumatologic testing and periodontal examination, with the recording of plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing index (BPI). Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from both groups and stored at -80 ºC. The salivary proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR) spectra were acquired in a spectrometer operating at 500 MHz. Partial least squared discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal PLS-DA (O-PLS-DA) were used for statistical analysis. Mean CAL and PI were significantly increased in the group with jSLE (p < 0.01). Patients with jSLE presented a significantly different salivary metabolic profile (accuracy = 0.54; R² = 0.86; Q² = -0.293), significantly higher salivary levels of N-acetyl sugars, and significantly reduced levels of phenylalanine, glycine, taurine, hydroxybutyrate, and valerate compared with healthy controls (p < 0.05). It is suggested that the salivary metabolomic profile analyzed by ¹H NMR in patients with jSLE presents a different fingerprint that the systemically healthy subjects. Integrating the variation of metabolites with the identification of the metabolic pathways involved seems to provide a better understanding of the influence of systemic disease on salivary metabolites.

Salivary Metabolites in Patients with Mucopolysaccharidosis

“…1 H-NMR metabolomic demonstrated different metabolite profiles, as already been published [8,9]. This concept was successfully used to identify metabolic changes in saliva samples of children who have type I diabetes [8], patients with renal diseases [9,10], lupus erythematosus [11], and Covid 19 [12]. We found differences in the salivary biochemical patterns between the MPS patients and the healthy subjects, including changes in the lactate, aminobutyrate, propionate, N-Ac, acetate, alanine, ethanol, fatty acids, and saccharides.…”

“…Our assignment strategy was implemented. TOCSY experiments confirmed and assigned metabolites [8][9][10][11][12]. The metabolomics workflow is reported in Figure 1.…”

“…Salivary research is a growing field due to the high metabolic information of systemic and oral conditions. Alterations in salivary metabolites can be fundamental for the early detection and monitoring of systemic disorders [8][9][10][11][12].…”