Impact of smoking on gingival inflammation in representative samples of three South American cities

Rösing, Cassiano Kuchenbecker; Gomes, Sabrina Carvalho; Carvajal, Paola; Gómez, Mariel; Costa, Ricardo dos Santos Araújo; Toledo, Andrés; Solanes, Fernando; Romanelli, Hugo; Gamonal, Jorge; Oppermann, Rui Vicente

doi:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0090

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In our study, a higher PI was observed in PerioC-Y-Smk, in all periods evaluated. This finding reinforces the evidence that smokers present worse control of biofilm when compared with non-smokers, as demonstrated in previous clinical studies, 28,29 severity of periodontal disease and the smoking habit, which directly influence the quality of life of these individuals. 5 However, the higher plaque accumulation could be a determinant of the lower periodontal treatment response.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In our study, a higher PI was observed in PerioC‐Y‐Smk, in all periods evaluated. This finding reinforces the evidence that smokers present worse control of biofilm when compared with non‐smokers, as demonstrated in previous clinical studies, 28,29 even after strict professional plaque control. One of the hypotheses for this low compliance in oral hygiene care is the association with low self‐esteem, resulting from masticatory and aesthetic problems related to the severity of periodontal disease and the smoking habit, which directly influence the quality of life of these individuals 5 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…This statement is entirely in accordance with previous studies. 28,29 However, surprisingly, there was no significant relationship between CAL gain and biofilm accumulation, leading to the conclusion that the lower clinical response observed in smokers is related to plaque and other aspects related to this risk factor. Among the many aspects negatively affected by smoking, the microbiological and immunological ones should be highlighted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smoking negatively impacts the clinical, microbiological, and immunological treatment response of young adults with Grade C periodontitis

Silva

Rangel

Corrêa

et al. 2022

J of Periodontal Research

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Objective This study aimed to investigate the influence of smoking on clinical, microbiological and immunological parameters in young adult with stage III‐IV Grade C periodontitis after full‐mouth ultrasonic debridement (FMUD) associated with Amoxicillin and Metronidazole (AMX + MTZ), comparing smokers (PerioC‐Y‐Smk) with non‐smokers (PerioC‐Y‐NSmk). Materials and Methods Fifteen PerioC‐Y‐NSmk and 14 PerioC‐Y‐Smk patients underwent FMUD associated with AMX + MTZ for 10 days. All parameters were collected at baseline and 3 and 6 months after treatment. Plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BoP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL)‐ the primary variable‐, and gingival recession (GR) were clinically assessed. The impact of PI on CAL change at 6‐month was verified by a regression analysis. Samples of the subgingival biofilm was collected for detection of levels of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.gingivalis), Tannerella forsythia (T. forsythia), and Fusobacterium nucleatum ssp (F. nucleatum), and were analyzed by real‐time qPCR; gingival crevicular fluid was collected for detection of levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, and interferon (IFN)‐γ, which were analyzed using an enzyme immunoassay. Results PerioC‐Y‐Smk had significantly higher PI, BOP, and GR at baseline compared to non‐smokers (p < .05). PerioC‐Y‐Smk presented higher PD, CAL, and GR at 3 and 6 months (p < .05) compared with PerioC‐Y‐NSmk in the same periods; PI negatively affected CAL gain in PerioC‐Y‐NSmk at 6‐month follow‐up (p = .052) and did not impact on clinical response in PerioC‐Y‐Smk (p = .882). Lower levels of IFN‐γ, IL1‐β, and IL‐4 were observed at 3 months in the PerioC‐Y‐NSmk (p < .05) compared with PerioC‐Y‐Smk. Lower proportions of P. gingivalis were observed in PerioC‐Y‐NSmk at baseline and at 3 months (p < .05) and lower proportions of F. nucleatum were observed at 6 months, in the PerioC‐Y‐NSmk (p < .05). Conclusions PerioC‐Y‐Smk presents an unfavorable clinical, microbiological, and immunological response after 3 and 6 months after FMUD associated with AMX + MTZ. Clinical Relevance Smoking worsens periodontal condition of young treated adults presenting stage III/IV Grade C periodontitis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smoking negatively impacts the clinical, microbiological, and immunological treatment response of young adults with Grade C periodontitis

Silva

Rangel

Corrêa

et al. 2022

J of Periodontal Research

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“…This study revealed that individuals with more smoking habit exhibit no or mild gingivitis and calculus but their periodontal condition was poor. Similar results were observed in different studies [30][31][32] while results reported by Bregstrome et al are inconsistent with this study, in that study calculus load increased with increasing smoking exposure 33 . Moreover, missing teeth and dental caries frequency in this study shows a positive relation with smoking and results are consistent with other studies [34][35][36][37] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Evaluation of Salivary Interleukin-1ß Levels and Oral Health in Pakistani Male Smokers

Hamza¹,

Asif²,

Bokhari³

2021

PJMHS

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Aim: Smoking induces changes in salivary inflammatory biomarker levels associated with oral diseases. This study status and explored association among salivary Interleukin-1β, oral diseases and smoking. Methods: Data of male smokers of a private institute recruited for a randomized clinical trial is analyzed for this paper. Demographic and systemic information were collected. Oral disease status was examined and saliva sample collected for IL-1β levels. IL-1β levels and other study variables were analyzed with respect to smoking status categorized into smoking years and cigarettes per day. The student's t-test and one-way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis using SPSS version 22) with significance level of p≤0.050. Results: Analysis of baseline data of seventy-eight smokers showed elevated levels of IL-1β with increasing smoking, higher BMI. Smoking was higher among aged, married and low-income individuals. Pearson partial correlation analysis, after controlling age, marital status, education, income, and BMI, demonstrated a positive significant relationship of smoking per day with smoking years; dental caries with missing teeth and calculus; gingivitis with missing teeth and calculus; periodontitis with dental caries, calculus and gingivitis. Conclusion: This analysis demonstrates that levels of IL-1β were raised in smokers, however; there was no association with oral disease parameters. Large studies may be conducted to observe status and association of smoking, oral disease and salivary biomarkers. Keywords: Smoking, Oral Health, IL-1β, Males

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“…Los resultados evidenciaron que los pacientes fumadores pesados en comparación con los fumadores ligeros y moderados presentaban menores niveles de inflamación gingival y sangrado a pesar de tener grandes cantidades de placa y cálculos. Se evaluó el riesgo de tener inflamación gingival severa (GI>2) para fumadores ligeros, moderados y pesados (OR=2.27,CI=1.46-3.53; OR=1.62, CI=0.90-2.94; OR= 0.67,CI=0,49-0,92 respectivamente (48).…”

Section: Hábito De Fumarunclassified

Condiciones modificadoras del riesgo de enfermedad periodontal: una revisión narrativa sobre la evidencia en américa latina

Jaramillo¹,

Duque²

2021

CES odontol.

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La diferencia entre la prevalencia de la enfermedad periodontal en América Latina y las reportadas en otras regiones del mundo, podría estar explicada en parte por las características culturales, políticas y económicas propias de cada territorio. Además, la exposición e interacción de factores e indicadores de riesgo pueden variar en cada región. Hasta el momento no se ha reportado alguna revisión de literatura ni revisión sistemática sobre los factores e indicadores de riesgo presentes y estudiados en Latinoamérica. El objetivo de esta revisión narrativa es reportar la evidencia disponible sobre las condiciones modificadoras del riesgo (indicadores y factores de riesgo) que se han estudiado en la población latinoamericana, y proponer recomendaciones para las futuras investigaciones que permitan realizar revisiones sistemáticas en esta región. A partir de los hallazgos de esta revisión, los autores consideran que es necesario aumentar las publicaciones científicas, y especialmente la investigación analítica sobre factores de riesgo y sus interacciones con las particularidades propias de cada país latinoamericano, siguiendo metodologías estándar basadas en la nueva clasificación de la enfermedad periodontal para que en un futuro sea posible recopilar esta información en revisiones sistemáticas sobre factores de riesgo.

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Impact of smoking on gingival inflammation in representative samples of three South American cities

Abstract: Mariel GÓMEZ (c) Ricardo COSTA (a) Andres TOLEDO (c) Fernando SOLANES (b) Hugo ROMANELLI (c) Jorge GAMONAL (b) Rui Vicente OPPERMANN (a)

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

Smoking negatively impacts the clinical, microbiological, and immunological treatment response of young adults with Grade C periodontitis

Smoking negatively impacts the clinical, microbiological, and immunological treatment response of young adults with Grade C periodontitis

Evaluation of Salivary Interleukin-1ß Levels and Oral Health in Pakistani Male Smokers

Condiciones modificadoras del riesgo de enfermedad periodontal: una revisión narrativa sobre la evidencia en américa latina

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