A comparative study of bulk-fill composites: degree of conversion, post-gel shrinkage and cytotoxicity

Cisneros, Alejandra Zuñiga; Armas, Alessandra Sojo

doi:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0003

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, the monomer composition and filler content influence the viscosity and they are important parameters related to reaction kinetics and degree of conversion, because their also affects the polymerization mobility [5,7,8,13,17,20,23]. Both bulk fill composites resins tested in the present study are flow materials in comparison to conventional composites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…High light irradiances immobilize the system increasing quickly the viscosity, but also generate a temporary excess of free volume improving the mobility of the monomers. This mobility allows the system to reach higher degrees of conversion [2,4,5,7,8,13]. At high light irradiances, most of the reaction will occur in the unrelaxed state (post-gel), whereas at low light irradiances the resin is able to relax more during polymerization, reducing its internal mobility and its final conversion [4,7,13,19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This mobility allows the system to reach higher degrees of conversion [2,4,5,7,8,13]. At high light irradiances, most of the reaction will occur in the unrelaxed state (post-gel), whereas at low light irradiances the resin is able to relax more during polymerization, reducing its internal mobility and its final conversion [4,7,13,19]. Moreover, the increase of the light irradiance also increases the maximum temperature reached during polymerization, and consequently the mobility of the polymer chains [2,4,8,11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Bulk Fill SureFill SDR Flow have photoactive groups incorporated to the urethane methacrylate monomers (Table 1) that are capable to react with the camphorquinone. This reaction helps to module the polymerization and control the shrinkage stress (high mobility), besides to create a homogeneous polymer network [4,7,23]. The Filtek Bulk Fill Flow contains polyacrylate resins and bisEMA (Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymerization depths of conventional and bulk fill composites photoactivated by different methods

et al. 2020

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the depth of cure of conventional (Filtek Z350 and Esthet-X HD) and bulk fill resins composites (Filtek bulk fill flow and SDR) using different photoactivation methods. Samples were made using five discshaped matrices (1 mm high and 8 mm central diameter) with interposed polyester strips. The samples were photoactivated using different methods [continuous high-irradiance light (LCA), continuous low-irradiance light (LCB), and soft-start (SS)], maintaining 24 J/cm² radiant exposure. After 24h, Knoop microhardness test was performed at 5 depths (surface, 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm and 4 mm). The Knoop microhardness were analyzed by ANOVA two-way and Tukey's test (5%). Conventional resins presented the highest results up to 2 mm depth, except for Esthet-X photoactived by LCB, which showed significant lower Knoop hardness from 2 mm depth. Bulk fill resins photoactivated with LCA and SS had the highest results in 4 mm depth. The LCA and SS photoactivation methods produce suitable photoactivation in conventional composites up to 2 mm and bulk fill up to 4 mm depth and the bulk fill composites present higher polymerization depth than conventional composites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymerization depths of conventional and bulk fill composites photoactivated by different methods

et al. 2020

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“…Over the past few decades, composite resins have been extensively studied and greatly improved. 18 Although composite resins exhibit excellent esthetic and mechanical properties with low cytotoxicity, they still have a major drawback, which is polymerization shrinkage. 19 Several factors were found to cause shrinkage in composite resin, such as the size of filler, amount of filler particles, and the type of resin matrix used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymerization Shrinkage and Degree of Conversion of New Zirconia-Reinforced Rice Husk Nanohybrid Composite

et al. 2020

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Objectives This study aimed to compare the polymerization shrinkage and degree of conversion of new zirconia-reinforced rice husk nanohybrid composite with commercialized microhybrid and nanofilled composites. Materials and Methods Overall, 180 samples were used for polymerization shrinkage (buoyancy and optical methods) and degree of conversion tests in which they were divided into Group 1, nanofilled composite (Filtek-Z350- XT; 3M ESPE, St Paul, MN 55144-1000, USA), Group 2, microhybrid composite (Zmack-Comp), and Group 3, nanohybrid composite (Zr-Hybrid). Polymerization shrinkage test was performed using buoyancy and optical methods. For buoyancy method, samples were weighed in air and water to calculate the shrinkage value, whereas, for optical method, images of nonpolymerized samples were captured under a digital microscope and recaptured again after light-cured to calculate the percentage of shrinkage. Degree of conversion was tested using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy spectrometer. Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance complemented by post hoc Dunnett’s T3 test for polymerization shrinkage and Tukey’s honestly significant difference test for degree of conversion. Level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results Group 3 demonstrated similar polymerization shrinkage with Group 1, but lower shrinkage (p < 0.05) than Group 2 based on buoyancy method. However, optical method (p < 0.05) showed that Group 3 had the lowest shrinkage, followed by Group 1 and lastly Group 2. Besides, Group 3 showed a significantly higher degree of conversion (p < 0.05) than Group 1 and comparable conversion value with Group 2. Conclusions Zirconia-reinforced rice husk nanohybrid composite showed excellent shrinkage and conversion values, hence can be considered as an alternative to commercially available composite resins.

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A comparative study of bulk-fill composites: degree of conversion, post-gel shrinkage and cytotoxicity

Cited by 2 publications

References 4 publications

Polymerization depths of conventional and bulk fill composites photoactivated by different methods

Polymerization depths of conventional and bulk fill composites photoactivated by different methods

Polymerization Shrinkage and Degree of Conversion of New Zirconia-Reinforced Rice Husk Nanohybrid Composite

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