“…In total, 12/17 articles (70.5%) showed a low risk of bias, with one article [ 37 ] scoring 10/10, five [ 28 , 32 , 33 , 38 , 43 ] scoring 9/10, and six [ 30 , 31 , 34 , 35 , 40 , 42 ] scoring 8/10.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Specifically, for each laser application category, the studies with positive results were allocated as: Three of four studies [ 28 , 30 , 31 ] in conventional laser endodontic treatment; Four of five studies [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ] in aPDT in endodontics; Seven of eight studies [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ] in PBM in endodontics. …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Concerning the investigational objectives of the included studies, they were assigned as: Pain: [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]; Microorganisms: [ 30 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]; Radiographic healing: [ 33 ]. …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, as a result of the subjective nature of pain perception, studies evaluating pain intensity were found to be highly heterogenous [ 19 ]. Consequently, in two of the studies [ 31 , 40 ], in addition to the visual analog scale (VAS)-pain evaluation, a quantification of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CRGP) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and its correlation with pain, was assessed.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…An interesting approach was taken by Arslan et al in 2018 [ 40 ]. Using a 970 nm diode laser (with parameters listed in Table 3 ) with PBM as the second test group and a placebo laser system serving as a control, a sample size of 39 patients were tested for CGRP levels in GCF along with pain levels, after endodontic treatment and intracanal laser application in one of the groups [ 40 ]. CGRP is a pro-inflammatory mediator triggering neurogenic inflammation, during which pain sensitivity increases and pain threshold decreases [ 48 ].…”
(1) Background: Adjunctive instruments, such as lasers have been investigated to address the risk of failure of endodontic therapy due to the complexity of the root canal system. Lasers have been used therapeutically, in direct irradiation of the root canals or adjunct to irrigants placed into the canals, in combination with a photosensitizer (antimicrobial photodynamic therapy) and in pain management (photobiomodulation). The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the evidence in clinical use within these three areas of therapy. (2) Methods: PubMed, Cochrane and Scopus search engines were used to identify human clinical trials regarding the use of lasers in endodontic therapy. (3) Results: After applying the keywords and additional filters, inclusion and exclusion criteria, the initial number of 1486 articles was reduced to 17. It was revealed that almost all studies (14/17) presented a statistically significant improved outcome in laser-assisted endodontic therapy, with the remaining three not showing any adverse effects. (4) Conclusions: The use of laser photonic energy of appropriate delivered parameters can be proposed as useful adjunctive when considering optimal treatment modalities in orthograde endodontics. Additionally, a tendency of research towards pain modulation in this field is developing.
“…In total, 12/17 articles (70.5%) showed a low risk of bias, with one article [ 37 ] scoring 10/10, five [ 28 , 32 , 33 , 38 , 43 ] scoring 9/10, and six [ 30 , 31 , 34 , 35 , 40 , 42 ] scoring 8/10.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Specifically, for each laser application category, the studies with positive results were allocated as: Three of four studies [ 28 , 30 , 31 ] in conventional laser endodontic treatment; Four of five studies [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ] in aPDT in endodontics; Seven of eight studies [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ] in PBM in endodontics. …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Concerning the investigational objectives of the included studies, they were assigned as: Pain: [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]; Microorganisms: [ 30 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]; Radiographic healing: [ 33 ]. …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, as a result of the subjective nature of pain perception, studies evaluating pain intensity were found to be highly heterogenous [ 19 ]. Consequently, in two of the studies [ 31 , 40 ], in addition to the visual analog scale (VAS)-pain evaluation, a quantification of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CRGP) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and its correlation with pain, was assessed.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…An interesting approach was taken by Arslan et al in 2018 [ 40 ]. Using a 970 nm diode laser (with parameters listed in Table 3 ) with PBM as the second test group and a placebo laser system serving as a control, a sample size of 39 patients were tested for CGRP levels in GCF along with pain levels, after endodontic treatment and intracanal laser application in one of the groups [ 40 ]. CGRP is a pro-inflammatory mediator triggering neurogenic inflammation, during which pain sensitivity increases and pain threshold decreases [ 48 ].…”
(1) Background: Adjunctive instruments, such as lasers have been investigated to address the risk of failure of endodontic therapy due to the complexity of the root canal system. Lasers have been used therapeutically, in direct irradiation of the root canals or adjunct to irrigants placed into the canals, in combination with a photosensitizer (antimicrobial photodynamic therapy) and in pain management (photobiomodulation). The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the evidence in clinical use within these three areas of therapy. (2) Methods: PubMed, Cochrane and Scopus search engines were used to identify human clinical trials regarding the use of lasers in endodontic therapy. (3) Results: After applying the keywords and additional filters, inclusion and exclusion criteria, the initial number of 1486 articles was reduced to 17. It was revealed that almost all studies (14/17) presented a statistically significant improved outcome in laser-assisted endodontic therapy, with the remaining three not showing any adverse effects. (4) Conclusions: The use of laser photonic energy of appropriate delivered parameters can be proposed as useful adjunctive when considering optimal treatment modalities in orthograde endodontics. Additionally, a tendency of research towards pain modulation in this field is developing.
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