Biological characterization of implant surfaces - in vitro study

Abstract

<title>Abstract</title><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Evaluate the biological performance of titanium alloys grade IV under different surface treatments: sandblasting and double etching (Experimental surface 1; Exp1, NEODENT); surface with wettability increase (Experimental surface 2; Exp2, NEODENT) on response of preliminary differentiation and cell maturation.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and method</title><p>Immortalized osteoblast cells were plated on Exp1 and Exp2 titanium discs. The polystyrene plate surface without disc was used as control group (C). Cell viability was assessed by measuring mitochondrial activity (MTT) at 4 and 24 h (n = 5), cell attachment was performed using trypan blue exclusion within 4 hours (n = 5), serum total protein and alkaline phosphatase normalization was performed at 4, 7 and 14 days (n = 5). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey test.</p></sec><sec><title>Result</title><p>The values of cell viability were: 4h: C– 0.32±0.01<sup>A</sup>; Exp1– 0.34±0.08<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 0.29±0.03<sup>A</sup>. 24h: C– 0.43±0.02<sup>A</sup>; Exp1– 0.39±0.01<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 0.37±0.03<sup>A</sup>. The cell adhesion counting was: C– 85±10<sup>A</sup>; Exp1- 35±5<sup>B</sup>; Exp2– 20±2<sup>B</sup>. The amounts of serum total protein were 4d: C– 40±2<sup>B</sup>; Exp1– 120±10<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 130±20<sup>A</sup>. 7d: C– 38±2<sup>B</sup>; Exp1– 75±4<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 70±6<sup>A</sup>. 14 d: C– 100±3<sup>A</sup>; Exp1– 130±5<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 137±9<sup>A</sup>. The values of alkaline phosphatase normalization were: 4d: C– 2.0±0.1<sup>C</sup>; Exp1– 5.1±0.8<sup>B</sup>; Exp2– 9.8±2.0<sup>A</sup>. 7d: C– 1.0±0.01<sup>C</sup>; Exp1– 5.3±0.5<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 3.0±0.3<sup>B</sup>. 14 d: C– 4.1±0.3<sup>A</sup>; Exp1– 4.4±0.8<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 2.2±0.2<sup>B</sup>. Different letters related to statistical differences.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The surfaces tested exhibit different behavior at dosage of alkaline phosphatase normalization showing that the Exp2 is more associated with induction of cell differentiation process and that Exp1 is more related to the mineralization process.</p></sec>

Surface roughness of titanium disks influences the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteogenic properties derived from human

“…The influence of NP and ACQ surfaces in the differentiation of immortalized osteoblasts was recently investigated [ 36 ] and suggested that ACQ resulted in decreased cell viability and adhesion compared with NP or plastic (negative control). On the other side, cells cultivated on ACQ surfaces expressed increased ALP activity and total protein, suggesting increased cell differentiation [ 36 ].…”

“…The influence of NP and ACQ surfaces in the differentiation of immortalized osteoblasts was recently investigated [ 36 ] and suggested that ACQ resulted in decreased cell viability and adhesion compared with NP or plastic (negative control). On the other side, cells cultivated on ACQ surfaces expressed increased ALP activity and total protein, suggesting increased cell differentiation [ 36 ]. In agreement with our findings, also other studies [ 31 , 33 , 37 , 40 ] using MSC cells have shown increased proliferation and higher ALP activity, bone sialoprotein expression, and mineralization, especially at an early observation period (14 days), on ACQ surfaces comparing with NP surfaces.…”

“…Differences could be explained by the different cell lineages used in the studies. While Soares et al [ 36 ] used an immortalized osteoblasts cell lineage, others [ 30 , 40 , 41 ] have used MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells). We have established a primary culture of bone granulation tissue removed from healing alveolar sockets 21 days after its creation, as previously described [ 27 – 29 ].…”

Bioactive characteristics of an implant surface coated with a pH buffering agent: an in vitro study

“…Interactions with blood cells and molecules on the implant surface could impact surface properties [12]. Proteins such as growth and differentiation factors are attracted to hydrophilic implant surfaces.…”

“…Proteins such as growth and differentiation factors are attracted to hydrophilic implant surfaces. In many studies, the biochemical characteristics of the implant surface, such as cell viability, proliferation, attachment, and differentiation, were tested through in vitro experiments using cells or cytokines, and these properties were found to influence cellular activities [121314].…”