Production of briquettes using coconut and eucalyptus wastes

Abstract

This research analyzed the production and characteristics of briquettes composed of residues of Cocos nucifera and Eucalyptus pellita wood. A completely randomized design was used, having seven treatments and five repetitions per treatment. The treatments corresponded to waste percentages of coconut and eucalyptus residues as following: T1: 100% eucalyptus waste; T2: 20% coconut waste + 80% of eucalyptus waste; T3: 40% coconut waste + 60% of eucalyptus waste; T4: 50% coconut waste + 50% of eucalyptus waste; T5: 60% coconut waste + 40% of eucalyptus waste; T6: 80% coconut waste + 20% of eucalyptus waste; and, T7: 100% coconut waste. For the production of briquettes, 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) was used as the binder. The mixtures were compacted under a load of 568 kgf cm-² for three minutes. After pressing, the briquettes were air-dried to the equilibrium moisture of the environment and, then, analyzed for physical, chemical and energy characteristics. The data were analyzed through analysis of variance, correlations and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The briquettes produced with 100% of C. nucifera residues had the highest equilibrium moisture content, high volatile matter concentrations, and low fixed carbon concentrations. The basic density, the apparent specific mass and the burning rate were not affected by the composition and by the equilibrium moisture of the briquettes.

Bioproducts from agro-industrial plant residues: opportunities for sustainable reuse / Bioprodutos de resíduos agroindustriais vegetais: oportunidades ao reaproveitamento sustentável

“…Processes such as calcination (Gu et al 2018), hydrodistillation (Tavares et al 2020), lyophilization (Rubio et al 2020), anaerobic anaerobic digestion (Alrefai et al 2020), extraction (Akond and Lynam 2020), fermentation ( Coimbra et al 2021), enzymatic hydrolysis (Corchado-Lopo et al 2021), hydrothermal liquefaction (Cervi et al 2021), saccharification (Marques and Aguiar-Oliveira 2020), transesterification (Khounani et al 2021b) among others, they are difficult to implement due to the great procedural and technological complexity, which requires greater investment, especially in equipment and infrastructure, making it difficult to implement as a strategy for the use of waste in the Extreme South of Bahia. The simplest processes that facilitate implementation in the region are found in other bioproducts, such as soil corrective using orange peel and sugarcane bagasse (Debernardi-Vázquez et al 2020) for composting, biochar using pie castor bean (Silva et al 2021), sunflower seed (Casoni et al 2019), cherry kernel (Pollard and Goldfarb 2021), filter cake and sugarcane molasses (Bernardino et al 2018;, branches, stems, roots and leaves of trees (Martín et al 2017), oat husk (Srivastava et al 2020), baru endocarp/mesocarp (Rambo et al 2020a;Rambo et al 2020b), coffee and cocoa husks (Milian-Luprón et al 2020) obtained by pyrolysis and briquettes using tree branches, trunks, roots and leaves (Nunes et al 2019;Ponte et al 2019), husk from coconut (Nunes et al 2019) and sugarcane bagasse (Ponte et al 2019) through crushing and compaction.…”

“…Barnabé et al 2019;Cervi et al 2021;Fini et al 2016;Gu et al 2018;Heinz et al 2017;Maciel et al 2020;Martín et al 2017;Ndukwe et al 2020;Nunes et al 2019;Oleson and Schwartz 2016;Ponte et al 2019;Rambo et al 2015;Sharma et al 2020;Srinivas et al 2016;Tavares et al 2020;Zhao et al 2019 …”

Valorization of durian peel waste and sewage sludge as bio-briquette

“…Volatile matter indicates the long and short-chain of hydrocarbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in biomass that evaporate during combustion [34]. The highly volatile matter was preferable because it initiated faster ignition and combustion [35]. However, high volatile content releases much volatile gas such as methane ad hydrocarbon [36].…”

Empirical Studies on Biomass Briquette Production: A Literature Review

“…One of the most important factors in the biomass densification process is the application of a given pressure to obtain solid fuels. According to Nunes, Andrade and Dias Júnior [66], this process variable does not normally alter the characteristics of the material's calorific value, however, it has a great influence on the physical-mechanical properties of briquettes, as well as on the moisture content and ashes. Helwani et al [38] in turn, claim that pressure also has an influence on the calorific value of briquettes, as it allows rawer material to come into contact with the binder made from crude glycerol, causing an increase in calorific value.…”