Mortality of insects and quality of maize grains in hermetic and non-hermetic storage

Viebrantz, Priscila Correa; Radünz, Lauri Lourenço; Dionello, Rafael Gomes

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n5p487-492

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, to reach 90% mortality at 4% oxygen, adults required exposure for 15 d. On the other hand, exposure to 8% oxygen for 15 d produced <5% mortality. Our findings are consistent with those of previous researchers who reported that most stored product insects are sensitive to the oxygen levels <5%, (Donahaye 1990; Donahaye et al 1992, 1996; Viebrantz et al 2016; Yan et al 2016; Njoroge et al 2017). Low RH inside hermetic containers (<30%) are known to cause desiccation in the stored product insects resulting in rapid mortality (Navarro 1978).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Efficacy of Hypoxia Against Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Throughout Ontogeny

Kharel

Mason

Murdock

et al. 2019

Journal of Economic Entomology

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Hermetic grain storage technology offers a viable chemical-free approach to control storage insects. However, there is limited knowledge on how hypoxia affects the survival of insect life stages during grain storage in hermetic bags. We exposed Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) eggs (2 d), young larvae (7 d), old larvae (21 d), pupae (28 d), and adults (2 d after emergence) to 2, 4, 8, and 20.9% oxygen levels for 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15 d and assessed subsequent mortality. At 2% oxygen, complete mortality was achieved in 3 d for eggs and young larvae, 10 d for old larvae and pupae, and 15 d for adults. At 4% oxygen, 15 d were required to kill all eggs and old larvae but not the other insect life stages. At 8% oxygen after 15 d, complete mortality of any insect life stage was not observed; but even a relatively short exposure (1–3 d) caused significant developmental delays in immature insects. Our study shows potential utility of hermetic technology for control of T. castaneum , but internal oxygen should be maintained below 2% level for at least 15 d for complete control. Increased oxygen levels improved the development of all insect life stages leading to increased adult emergence. There is a need to explore exposure time required to achieve complete mortality of all insect life stage above the 2% oxygen level.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Efficacy of Hypoxia Against Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Throughout Ontogeny

Kharel

Mason

Murdock

et al. 2019

Journal of Economic Entomology

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“…in conventional bags and hermetic bags with respective peaks at three and six months, followed by stability in counts. Furthermore, Viebrantz, Radunz and Dionello (2016) reported that although initial growth of Aspergillus spp. was observed, for hermetic and non-hermetic systems, the growth as well as the final incidence was lower in the hermetic system, indicating that low oxygen rates reduced the growth of microorganisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postharvest Practices of Maize Farmers in Kaiti District, Kenya and the Impact of Hermetic Storage on Populations of Aspergillus Spp. and Aflatoxin Contamination

Maina

Wagacha

Mwaura

et al. 2016

JFR

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Aflatoxin contamination in maize by Aspergillus spp. is a major problem causing food, income and health concerns. A study was carried out in Kaiti District in Lower Eastern Kenya to evaluate the effect of three months storage of maize in triple-layer hermetic (PICS™) bags on the population of Aspergillus spp. and levels of aflatoxin. Postharvest practices by maize farmers including time of harvesting, drying and storage methods were obtained with a questionnaire. Aspergillus spp. in soil and maize were isolated by serial dilution-plating and aflatoxin content was measured using Vicam method. Maize was mostly stored in woven polypropylene (PP) and sisal bags within granaries and living houses. Aspergillus flavus L-strain was the most predominant isolate from soil (Mean = 8.4 x10 2 CFU/g), on the harvested grain (4.1 x 10 2 CFU/g) and grain sampled after three months of storage (1.1 x 10 3 CFU/g). The type of storage bag significantly (P ≤ 0.05) influenced the population of members of Aspergillus section Flavi, with A. flavus (S and L strains) and A. parasiticus being 71% higher in PP bags than in PICS bags. Total aflatoxin in maize sampled at harvest and after three months storage ranged from <5 to 42.7 ppb with 55% lower aflatoxin content in PICS bags than in PP bags. After storage, the population of Aspergillus section Flavi was positively correlated with aflatoxin levels. The results of this study demonstrate that PICS bags are an effective management option for reducing population of toxigenic Aspergillus spp. and aflatoxin in stored maize.

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“…Under field conditions in Brazil and Kenya, the number of Aspergillus spp. increased during storage, even in hermetic storage systems ( Di Domenico et al., 2016 , Maina et al., 2016 , Viebrantz et al., 2016 ). However, aflatoxin accumulation during these storage experiments did not provide conclusive evidence about the efficacy of the hermetic systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of storage environment on the efficacy of hermetic storage bags

Lane

Woloshuk

2017

Journal of Stored Products Research

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Small hermetic bags (50 and 100 kg capacities) used by smallholder farmers in several African countries have proven to be a low-cost solution for preventing storage losses due to insects. The complexity of postharvest practices and the need for ideal drying conditions, especially in the Sub-Sahara, has led to questions about the efficacy of the hermetic bags for controlling spoilage by fungi and the potential for mycotoxin accumulation. This study compared the effects of environmental temperature and relative humidity at two locations (Indiana and Arkansas) on dry maize (14% moisture content) in woven polypropylene bags and Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) hermetic bags. Temperature and relative humidity data loggers placed in the middle of each bag provided profiles of environmental influences on stored grain at the two locations. The results indicated that the PICS bags prevented moisture penetration over the three-month storage period. In contrast, maize in the woven bags increased in moisture content. For both bag types, no evidence was obtained indicating the spread of Aspergillus flavus from colonized maize to adjacent non-colonized maize. However, other storage fungi did increase during storage. The number of infected kernels did not increase in the PICS bags, but the numbers in the woven bags increased significantly. The warmer environment in Arkansas resulted in significantly higher insect populations in the woven bags than in Indiana. Insects in the PICS bags remained low at both locations. This study demonstrates that the PICS hermetic bags are effective at blocking the effects of external humidity fluctuations as well as the spread of fungi to non-infected kernels.

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Mortality of insects and quality of maize grains in hermetic and non-hermetic storage

Cited by 10 publications

References 17 publications

Efficacy of Hypoxia Against Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Throughout Ontogeny

Efficacy of Hypoxia Against Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Throughout Ontogeny

Postharvest Practices of Maize Farmers in Kaiti District, Kenya and the Impact of Hermetic Storage on Populations of Aspergillus Spp. and Aflatoxin Contamination

Impact of storage environment on the efficacy of hermetic storage bags

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