Phosphorus availability as a function of its time of contact with different soils

Abstract

A B S T R A C TPhosphorus (P) availability is related to soil sorption capacity and is relevant to planning P fertilization and evaluating its residual effect. The aim of this work was to evaluate the P availability to maize plants after different incubation times of six soils from Paraíba state. For this, four doses of P (0, 100, 200 and 300 mg dm -3 ) were applied in samples of six soils for 0, 30, 60, 90, 180, 240 and 360 days. After the incubation time, the soil samples received fertilization with macro and micronutrients and were cultivated with maize for 35 days, when they were harvested and analyzed to verify dry matter and P content in soil. The increase in the time of contact of P with the soil decreased P availability to plants; however, the formation of non-labile P was negligible in most soils. After 360 days of incubation, between 26 and 71% of P applied at the highest dose was recovered.Disponibilidade de fósforo em função do seu tempo de contato com diferentes solos R E S U M O A disponibilidade de fósforo (P) no solo está relacionada com a sua capacidade de sorção e é um tema relevante para o planejamento da adubação fosfatada e para a avaliação do seu efeito residual. Propôs-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a disponibilidade de P para plantas de milho após diferentes períodos de incubação de doses de P em seis solos do Estado da Paraíba. Para isto foram aplicadas quatro doses de P (0, 100, 200 e 300 mg dm -3 ) em amostras de seis solos incubados por 0, 30, 60, 90, 180, 240 e 360 dias; após o período de incubação os solos receberam uma adubação básica com macro e micronutrientes e foram cultivados com plantas de milho por 35 dias quando foram colhidas e analisadas quanto à matéria seca e ao teor de P no solo. O aumento do tempo de contato do P com o solo diminuiu a disponibilidade do elemento para as plantas, porém a formação de P não lábil foi inexpressiva na maioria dos solos estudados; após 360 dias de incubação foi possível recuperar entre 26 e 71% do P aplicado na maior dose.

Phosphorus Extraction with Soil Test Methods Affected by Soil P Sorption Capacity

“…Assessing changes in P availability during 360 days after fertilization, Vásconez and Pinochet (2018) observed that the reduction in extractable forms occurs more significantly in the first 60 days of incubation. Furthermore, no correlation was notes with the clay content, indicating the importance of the mineralogy of the clay fraction on the availability of P. Santos et al (2016), evaluating the effect of incubation time, P rates, and different soil types on the P recovery capacity, observed a very heterogeneous behavior of the "incubation time" factor, with a small reduction rate, although not systematically. Also in this study, it is important to note that the greatest influence of time was observed in the first 30 days after incubation, a fact also observed in the present study, which might be attributed to the first phase of the P adsorption process, which is responsible for the highest percentage of retention of this nutrient (Barrow 2015).…”

“…The influence of time of incubation in the availability of P, for all the considered extractors, showed a gradual reduction in the extracted P, being more expressive in the first 30 days after P application. In general, the reaction of the added P with the soil particles is fast, with an initial increase due to the dissolution of fertilizers (Motaghian et al 2020), leading to a posterior significant reduction in the extracted fraction and, consequently, to the accumulation in non-labile forms (Santos et al 2016;Roy et al 2017). After this rapid adsorption phase, the process continues, however, more slowly, mainly by the penetration of this nutrient into the mineral imperfections (Barrow and Debnath 2018).…”

Macronutrient Fertilization on the Yield Components and Nutrition of Lima Bean

“…In the present study, the positive response to phosphate fertilization for the production and nutrition of lima bean can be attributed to the initial low levels of this nutrient in the soil under cultivation. Another important factor is that in this soil class, due to the lower content of clay and oxides of Fe and Al, there is less fixation of the P, which makes it more available to the plants (Sandim, Bull, Furim, Lima, & Garcia, 2014;Santos, Oliveira, Souza, Salcedo, & Silva, 2016).…”

Nutrient availability in phosphate and potassic rocks induced by Acidithiobacillus oxidizing bacteria to produce biofertilizers

“…Brazilian soils have low amount of phosphorus which generally is not present in available forms. It is due to its high phosphate fixing capacity by the adsorption and precipitation of phosphate that is adsorbed on surfaces of soil particles or precipitate to form calcium, magnesium, iron or aluminum phosphate (Fink et al, 2016;Santos et al, 2016). Biotite, mineral of the mica group is common in soils and igneous rocks comprise the original source of mica (Kämpf et al, 2009).…”