Crescimento e produção da mamoneira BRS Paraguaçu sob irrigação, cobertura do solo e adubação orgânica

Abstract

R E S U M OObjetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar o crescimento e produção da mamona cv. BRS-188 Paraguaçu que tem sido recomendada para a região Nordeste do Brasil em relação à adubação orgânica, cobertura morta e níveis de reposição de água. Para isto foi desenvolvido o experimento em condições de campo, na cidade de Catolé do Rocha, PB, usando-se um delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com fatorial 2 x 2 x 4, constituído de dois níveis de reposição de água em função da evapotranspiração da cultura -ETc de 100 e 50% no solo sem e com cobertura morta (Cenchrus ciliares L) e quatro níveis de biofertilizante bovino (0; 1,2; 2,4 e 3,6 L planta -1 ), aplicados ao solo totalizando 16 tratamentos com três repetições e dez plantas por tratamento totalizando 48 parcelas experimentais. As plantas irrigadas com 50% da ETc, no solo com cobertura morta e biofertilizante bovino na dose de 3,6 L planta -1 atingiram áreas foliares e produções semelhantes às plantas cultivadas em sistema convencional sem cobertura e irrigadas com 100% da ETc.Growth and production of castor bean BRS Paraguaçu under irrigation, soil mulching and organic fertilization A B S T R A C TThe objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and production of castor bean BRS-188 Paraguaçu, which has been recommended for the Northeast of Brazil in relation to organic fertilization, mulching and levels of water replacement. For this, an experiment was conducted under field conditions in the municipality of Catolé of Rocha-PB, using a randomized complete block design with factorial 2 x 2 x 4, consisting of two levels of replacement of water through irrigation due to the crop evapotranspiration -ETc 100 and 50%, with and without mulch (Cenchrus ciliares L) and four levels of bovine biofertilizer (0, 1.2, 2.4 and 3.6 L plant -1 ), applied to the soil, totaling 16 treatments with three replications and ten plants per treatment totaling 48 experimental plots. Plants irrigated with 50% of ETc, under mulch and bovine fertilizer at a dose of 3.6 L plant -1 reached leaf area and similar productions to plants grown in conventional system without mulch cover and irrigated with 100% ETc. Palavras-chave:Ricinus communis L. sistema de cultivo manejo de água

Influence of organic mulching on drip irrigation management of cabbage cultivation

“…Stone and Moreira (2000) observed that mulching efficiency from crop residues is the most important factor to explain the higher water content found in soils under the no-tillage system when compared to the conventional system, since straw acts in the first phase of the water evaporation process, reducing the rate of daily evaporation due to the reflection of radiant energy. In addition, Ferreira et al (2015) reported that the highest water conservation in the mulch system was related to the straw remaining on the soil surface, providing a greater reflection of the incident solar radiation and, therefore, acting as a barrier against water evaporation. The total water depth applied during the cabbage cycle was determined by means of the data collected daily (Figure 4).…”

Solarização e cobertura morta no solo sobre a infestação de plantas daninhas no feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata)

“…Apesar das diferenças entre os tipos de cobertura, todas influenciaram positivamente no controle das plantas daninhas e nas características de crescimento e rendimento do feijão. Isso ocorre porque a cobertura do solo com palha além do aporte de nutrientes, tende a promover maior atividade microbiana, ao longo do tempo (ZIECH et al 2014), e melhorar a qualidade física do solo com a retenção da umidade (FERREIRA et al 2015). De acordo com esses autores, o uso da cobertura morta melhorou o rendimento da mamoneira cultivada sob condições de déficit hídrico, possivelmente pela manutenção da umidade do solo.…”

“…A decomposição de algumas espécies de coberturas mortas pode liberar aleloquímicos, os quais dificultam a germinação e desenvolvimento das plantas daninhas (HIRATA et al 2009). Outros efeitos positivos da cobertura morta do solo estão relacionados à proteção contra a erosão e redução da taxa de evaporação de água do solo (TEÓFILO et al 2012, FERREIRA et al 2015. Além disso, a cobertura pode ser de diferentes origens, apesar da eficiência variar a depender do tipo utilizado (MESCHEDE et al 2007, MONQUERO et al 2009).…”

Weed Control by Solarization and Mulching in Cowpea Development

“…T1: solarized soil with castor bean mulch, T2: solarized soil with rattlepod mulch, T3: solarized soil with spontaneous vegetation mulch, T4: solarized soil without mulch, T5: non-solarized soil with castor bean mulch, T6: non-solarized soil with rattlepod mulch, T7: non-solarized soil with spontaneous vegetation mulch and T8: non-solarized soil without mulch. The longer main stems observed in cowpea plants submitted to mulching, particularly with castor bean, is largely due to the greater uniformity of the mulch layer, which helped maintain soil moisture (Ferreira et al, 2015) and favored plant growth (Ziech et al, 2014;Flôres et al, 2017;Khalid et al, 2018). On the other hand, the low plant growth observed in non-solarized soil without mulching likely occurred because of the larger number of weeds (NW) competing with cowpea plants, as reported in peanut crops grown in non-solarized compared to solarized soil (Soumya et al, 2004), and bean plants without mulching (Pessôa et al, 2017).…”

“…Already the mulching involves applying organic or non-organic material to the soil surface in order to reduce the amount of light that reaches it and decrease weed (Meschede et al, 2007;Khalid et al, 2018), as reported in cowpea (Flôres et al, 2017) and castor bean crops (Ferreira et al, 2015). Guerrero et al (2019) observed in artichoke that biosolarization can be recommended as an effective management strategy for the control of weeds and fungal diseases transmitted by soil, as well as improved soil fertility and agricultural crop production.…”