Clínica Do Trabalho No Sus: Possibilidade De Escuta Aos Trabalhadores

Abstract

federal do rio grande do Sul, porto alegre, brasil RESUMOEste artigo discute a saúde do trabalhador e mais especificamente os aspectos relativos à saúde mental relacionada ao trabalho, a partir de entrevistas com 24 trabalhadores e trabalhadoras em situação de sofrimento e adoecimento. A utilização de um roteiro de entrevistas e o uso conjunto do SRQ-20 possibilitaram o entendimento da história do trabalhador, sua relação com o trabalho e de sua saúde em intrínseca associação com o vivido no espaço laboral. A proposta é que a discussão e os instrumentos utilizados possam servir para profissionais da saúde que necessitam fazer investigação diagnóstica da relação saúde mental e trabalho, além de trazer importantes questionamentos para construir uma proposta de acompanhamento terapêutico para o trabalhador ou trabalhadora que busca o serviço. O objetivo maior é o de subsidiar a construção de propostas para uma clínica em saúde mental e trabalho para os serviços do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Palavras-chave:saúde mental e trabalho; clínica do trabalho; SUS. ResumenEn este artículo se analiza la salud de los trabajadores, y más específicamente los aspectos de el labor relacionada con la salud mental, a partir de entrevistas con 24 trabajadores y trabajadoras en situación de padecimiento y enfermamiento. El uso de una serie de entrevistas y la utilización conjunta del SRQ -20 permitió a la comprensión de la historia del trabajador, su relación con el trabajo y su relación intrínseca de la salud en los espacios de trabajo. La propuesta es que la discusión y los instrumentos utilizados se pueden utilizar para los profesionales de la salud que necesitan hacer investigación diagnóstica de la relación entre la salud mental y ocupacional, y llevar a preguntas importantes para construir una asistencia terapéutica propuesta para el trabajador o trabajadora que buscan el servicio. El principal objetivo es apoyar el desarrollo de propuestas para una clínica de salud mental y el trabajo de los servicios del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS).Palabras clave: salud mental y trabajo; clínica del trabajo; SUS. ABSTRACTThis article discusses the health of workers and more specifically the work-related aspects of mental health, based in interviews with 24 workers from both sexes in suffering and illness situation. The joint use of scripted interviews and the SRQ-20 enabled the understanding of the history of the workers and their relation with work and their health, in intrinsic association with what was lived in the work place. The proposal here is that this discussion and instruments used may serve to health professionals who need to do diagnostic researches of the relationship between mental health and work, and to bring important questions in hopes to build a therapeutic follow-up proposal for the workers who seeks the service. The main objective is to support the development of proposals for a mental health and work clinic for the services of the Sistema Unico de Saude (SUS), that is, the. Brazilian Universal Health Care System.

Theoretical-practical evidence in the prevention and promotion of workers’ mental health

“…Table 5 shows a descriptive analysis of the percentage of methodological tools used in the investigation of research on occupational mental health. The result showed a bigger emphasis on the use of interviews, 14 , 18 , 23 , 25 - 27 all of which were semi-structured, with 42.9% (n = 6) of the studies, and document analysis of directives, legislation, medical records, and social security data, 16 , 17 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 24 with 35.7% of the studies (n = 5). The least frequently used methods were participant observation and focus group, 15 both in 7.1 % (n = 1).…”

“…On the other hand, the characterization of a link between clinical presentation and work is one of the difficulties found when investigating and following workers in mental suffering, since there is no consensus for classifying psychic disorders related to work. 25 …”

“…Aiming to comprehend psychic stressors within the work environment, Bottega & Merlo 25 bring forth the close relationship between changes in new management models (based on individualization, demands, and objectives) with the emergence of malaise and depression at work. Within the same perspective, Perez & Merlo 24 state that the current management models aim to capture the workers’ subjectivity, resulting in the formation of an identity based on what one does for a living; when work defines who one is, health may be affected.…”

“…Bottega & Merlo 25 discuss that clinical listening at the work environment has positive effects, such as “removing the individual from solitude, from the individualization of his or her suffering and illness, even though it is unique” (p. 8). Listening cares about the suffering being and about actions, most of which are collective, for overcoming and modifying damaging situations that stem from work organization.…”

“… 19 Overall, the selected literature highlights that, regardless of the psychosocial aspect, mental illness presents itself as an increase in physiological and cognitive stress levels, indicating work-related suffering that appears in various forms such as generalized pain, depressive episodes, or even suicide attempts. 25 …”