Nitrous Oxide Emissions in a Wheat/Corn Succession Combining Dairy Slurry and Urea as Nitrogen Sources

Abstract

The impact on nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions caused by combining dairy slurry (DS) and urea to supply crops with nitrogen (N) is still not well characterized. The main objective of this study was to compare the differences between N 2 O emissions in the cases of exclusive use of urea and the combined use of DS and urea as N sources to no-tillage wheat and corn. We also compared N 2 O emissions between two DS application methods (surface-broadcast vs. injection), as well as the addition of dicyandiamide (DCD) to DS. The experiment was conducted under no-tillage and six treatments were applied at sowing as follows: no fertilization (control), surface-broadcast urea (urea-N), surface-broadcast DS (DSs), surface-broadcast DS with DCD (DSs + DCD), shallow-injected DS (DSi), and shallow-injected DS with DCD (DSi + DCD). Urea was applied at side-dressing in all treatments with DS and urea-N. The N 2 O emissions were evaluated from the application of the treatments to wheat until 22 days after corn harvest, resulting in a total of 364 days. The partial supply of the N demand of wheat and corn, by DS application at sowing, and the posterior complement of N demand by side-dressing urea increased the annual N 2 O emissions only when DS was shallow-injected without DCD (DSi). Although the amount of N 2 ON emitted from the DSi treatment was 1.04 kg ha-1 (91.2 %) higher than from DSs in corn, the annual N 2 ON emissions did not differ between the two methods of DS application to the soil. The emission factors of N 2 ON were low, ranging from 0.49 % (DSi + DCD) to 1.27 % (DSi). The results of this study suggest that the combined use of DS with urea in N fertilization of no-tillage wheat and corn (DS applied at sowing and urea at side-dressing) caused no changes in the annual N 2 ON emissions compared to crops fertilized exclusively with urea (1/3 at sowing + 2/3 at side-dressing). However, DCD should be added if DS is shallow-injected.

Dairy Slurry Application to Stubble-Covered Soil: A Study on Sustainable Alternatives to Minimize Gaseous Emissions

“…The cumulative nitrous oxide emissions (Table 2) of IR, US and ADS were similar to those of mineral fertilizer applied to stubble or bare soil and slurry injection (IN), the widely recommended practice for soil slurry application. The absence of differences between dairyslurry-based treatments and mineral fertilizers on N 2 O emissions is in agreement with the results reported in [52]. RDS cumulative emissions were lower than those associated with the above-mentioned strategies, although the reason is probably the previously high N loss through ammonia volatilization, as seen in Table 1.…”

“…The temperature was recorded at each sampling point. Gas measurements were carried out on days 2,6,9,15,17,21,24,29,34,44,52,58,63,73,77,85, 99 and 108 after the start of the experiment.…”