Association of ABO blood group and age with COVID-19 positive test

Abstract

The aim of this study is to evaluate the relation between the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease and blood groups and the Rh factor. METHOD: A total of 313 patients hospitalized in the Internal Medicine clinic, at the intensive care unit (ICU) were included in the study. The cases were divided into two groups: those who were COVID-19 positive and those negative, detected with real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing. The demographic, clinical, ABO blood groups, and Rh factor data of the cases were obtained from the hospital records retrospectively. RESULTS:The mean age of COVID-19 positive (+) cases was 57.74±16 years and of COVID-19 negative (-) cases, 66.41±15 years.The difference was significant (p<0.001); there was no difference between the two groups in terms of sex (p=0.634). When age was categorically separated in COVID-19 (+) cases, χ2 was extremely significant. Among the ABO blood groups of COVID-19 (+) and (-) cases, χ2 was 4.975 (p=0.174). In the logistic regression, it was 4.1 (p=0.011) in the O blood group. COVID-19 positive test was determined as 13, 4, and 4 times higher in the 31-40, 41-50, and 51-60 age groups, respectively (p=0.001, p=0.010, p=0.003). CONCLUSION:The incidence of COVID-19 has increased in the younger population and in the O blood group. Our findings support that, in this population, the ABO blood groups can contribute to the early detection of COVID-19.

Blood-Type-A is a COVID-19 infection and hospitalization risk in a Turkish cohort

“…The sample size of n=56 in [6] might be too small. In [40] , O frequency is higher in COVID-19 positive group than negative group. Our recalculation by Fisher’s test on the data in [40] , however, showed an insignificant conclusion (p-value=0.11).…”

“…In [40] , O frequency is higher in COVID-19 positive group than negative group. Our recalculation by Fisher’s test on the data in [40] , however, showed an insignificant conclusion (p-value=0.11). In [15] , O frequency was higher in PCR-positive than PCR-negative (but still had symptom).…”

“…However, a few other publications present contradictory conclusions, including some from Turkish studies [6] , [40] , [15] . In [6] , A-type frequency was 66% in asymptomatic patients (n=56), 46.94% in mild- intermediate patients (n=51), and 48% in severe patients (n=25).…”

Correlation between ABO blood type, susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease severity: A systematic review

“… NALBANT et al ., 2022, Turkey. ( 19 ) Cohort / 9 313 - 220 cases* - 93 controls 2 COVID-19 infection - No significant difference AMOROSO et al ., 2021, Italy. ( 20 ) Cohort / 8 40,904 - 219 cases** - 40,685 controls 2 COVID-19 infection - Group A was more prevalent in COVID patients compared to controls MUÑOZ-CULLA et al ., 2021, Basque.…”

“…(2021) ( 18 ) Cohort **** ** *** NALBANT et al . (2022) ( 19 ) Cohort **** ** *** AMOROSO et al . (2021) ( 20 ) Cohort **** * *** SZYMANSKI et al .…”