Cardiac amyloidosis: non-invasive diagnosis

Abstract

SUMMARY Cardiac amyloidosis is an infiltrative disease which requires a high degree of clinical suspicion for appropriate diagnosis. Early diagnosis and the definition of the type of amyloidosis play a key role in the early treatment and prognosis of this disease. In this context, the use of cardiac biomarkers such as troponins and NT-proBNT associated with analysis by multimodality imaging methods like echocardiographic techniques such as strain, nuclear medicine, and cardiovascular resonance imaging have an increasing role in patients with cardiac amyloidosis. This article details the role of non-invasive diagnostic methods in patients with cardiac amyloidosis.

Recovery from AA amyloidosis-cardiomyopathy complexed with unicentric Castleman disease

“…Atrial flutter is common in cardiac amyloidosis,12 and torsades de pointes has been reported in a patient with amyloid-associated cardiomyopathy 13. A comparatively low voltage QRS (figure 1B) for the marked concentric thickening of the LV wall (figure 1D,E) appears to agree with the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis rather than hypertensive cardiomyopathy.…”

“…A comparatively low voltage QRS (figure 1B) for the marked concentric thickening of the LV wall (figure 1D,E) appears to agree with the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis rather than hypertensive cardiomyopathy. Myocardial restrictive movement is characteristic of cardiac amyloidosis 12. AA amyloid was deposited in the duodenum (figure 2B), and elevated SAA and IL-6 levels were normalised after resection of the mesenteric tumour; the myocardial deterioration disappeared (table 1).…”

3.0T cardiac magnetic resonance quantification of native T1 and myocardial extracellular volume for the diagnosis of late gadolinium enhancement-negative cardiac amyloidosis

“…Amyloidosis is a systemic disease caused by extracellular deposition of an insoluble fibril that disrupts the architecture and function of normal tissues and organs (1). Amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis results from the deposition of immunoglobulin light-chain fragments and is the most prevalent and serious form of systemic amyloidosis (2). Cardiac involvement is the most common type of AL amyloidosis and is characterized by rapid progression, misand delayed diagnosis, and poor prognosis (3).…”

Role of Diphosphonates Bone Scintigraphy in Correlation with Biomarkers for a Personalized Approach to ATTR Cardiac Amyloidosis in North-Eastern Romania

“…Electrocardiography (ECG) is the first step in guiding the diagnostic algorithm towards a possible cardiac amyloidosis. The criteria described in literature are based on low voltage (due to increased thickness of the left ventricle), Sokolow criteria, pseudo-infarct pattern, conduction disorders (complete or incomplete bundle branch blocks) and rhythm disorders (arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation, flutter) [8][9][10][11][12]. However, these criteria are found in both ATTR and AL cardiac amyloidosis but in different positivity rates [2,3,13].…”