Arterial stiffness and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in chronic kidney disease patients

Correlation between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level and Peripheral Arterial Stiffness in Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 3–5 Patients

“…Transesophageal echocardiograms have revealed an independent inverse association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and thoracic aortic intima-media thickness as well as highly sensitive CRP in subclinical atherosclerosis patients [21]. Akdam et al found that 94.1% of patients with advanced CKD had 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels less than 30 ng/mL and there was a tendency to decrease as the CKD stage increased [22]. Moreover, there was an inverse association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and augmentation indexes as well as non-significantly higher iPTH level [22].…”

“…Akdam et al found that 94.1% of patients with advanced CKD had 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels less than 30 ng/mL and there was a tendency to decrease as the CKD stage increased [22]. Moreover, there was an inverse association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and augmentation indexes as well as non-significantly higher iPTH level [22]. Garcia-Canton et al found that 18.5% of stage 4-5 CKD patients had adequate 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (>30 ng/mL) and that lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D was associated with higher vascular calcification scores, determined from plain X-ray images [23].…”

“…Blood samples (approximately 5 mL) were centrifuged immediately after collection at 3000× g for 10 min. Serum levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total calcium, phosphorus, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured using an autoanalyzer (Siemens Advia 1800; Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Henkestr, Germany) [21,22]. Human intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (Crystal Chem USA, Elk Grove Village, IL, USA) were measured using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.…”

“…After blood sampling, patients rested for 10 min, and then baPWV was measured using a plethysmograph (VaSera VS-1000, Fukuda Denshi Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) with pneumatic cuffs connected to plethysmographic and oscillo-metric sensors around both upper arms and both ankles [21,22]. The baPWV was calculated as the length of an arterial segment between the brachium and the ankle divided by the time interval between the wavefront of the brachial waveform and that of the ankle waveform.…”

“…With regard to vascular function, vitamin D could affect the abilities of vasocilation through modulating the expression of vascular smooth muscle cells and the bioavailability of vasodilators [15,16], indicative of reduced nitric oxide production as well as dysregulated contents of elastin and collagens [17]. In addition, 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are inversely associated with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) in the general population, the elderly, and newly diagnosed HTN patients [18][19][20]; with aortic intima-media thickness in subclinical atherosclerosis patients [21]; and with elevated augmentation indexes and increased levels of vascular calcification in CKD patients [22,23].…”