Update on Zika virus infection in pregnancy

Simões, Ricardo Santos; Buzzini, Renata; Bernardo, Wanderley Marques; Cardoso, Florentino; Salomão, Antônio Jorge; Cerri, Giovanni G.

doi:10.1590/1806-9282.62.02.106

Cited by 2 publications

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“…They include protozoa (Toxoplasma gondii), bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes and Treponema pallidum), and viruses (rubella, CMV, HSV, varicella zoster virus, HIV, enteroviruses, parvovirus B19, and ZIKV) (Coyne and Lazear, 2016). In addition to congenital defects which we will discuss later, TORCH infections cause a number of different pregnancy complications including pregnancy loss, IUGR, and preterm birth (Cappelletti et al, 2017a; Goldenberg et al, 2010; Pereira et al, 2014) One of the newest TORCH pathogens, ZIKV, has raised public fear as it spread across the Americas in 2015–2017, resulting in over 3,000 estimated cases of microcephaly as well as miscarriage and fetal growth restriction (PAHO and WHO, 2017; Simões et al, 2016). Mouse models of ZIKV infection in pregnant dams have shown similar complications, with growth restriction, fetal demise, and placenta damage being most pronounced (Cugola et al, 2016; Miner et al, 2016; Szaba et al, 2018; Yockey et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interferons and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Pregnancy and Fetal Development

2018

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Successful pregnancy requires carefully-coordinated communications between the mother and fetus. Immune cells and cytokine signaling pathways participate as mediators of these communications to promote healthy pregnancy. At the same time, certain infections or inflammatory conditions in pregnant mothers cause severe disease and have detrimental impacts on the developing fetus. In this review, we examine evidence for the role of maternal and fetal immune responses affecting pregnancy and fetal development, both under homeostasis and following infection. We discuss immune responses that are necessary to promote healthy pregnancy and those that lead to congenital disorders and pregnancy complications, with a particular emphasis on the role of interferons and cytokines. Understanding the contributions of the immune system in pregnancy and fetal development provides important insights into the pathogenesis underlying maternal and fetal diseases and sheds insights on possible targets for therapy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interferons and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Pregnancy and Fetal Development

2018

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“…Deceptively, the majority of people infected with Zika virus will not develop serious clinical symptoms 3,21,22 . The incubation period is currently thought to be about three to 12 days, and the illness itself lasts about 2–7 days 23 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When patients present with symptoms (viz., rash, arthralgia, fever, nausea, headache), treatment focuses on relieving pain, reducing fever (if present) and addressing other symptoms such as administering antihistamines to treat pruritus. Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or salicylates (aspirin) should not be used because of an increased risk of haemorrhagic syndrome 21 . Pregnant women who test positive for Zika infection should receive high‐risk prenatal care with serial foetal ultrasound monitoring every 3–4 weeks to monitor foetal anatomy and growth 33 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Zika virus: Lurking behind the COVID‐19 pandemic?

et al. 2020

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What is known and objective The sudden and extensive outbreak of coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) has overshadowed another developing viral threat: the Zika flavivirus. Of particular concern is that pregnant women can pass Zika virus to the foetus, and there is a strong implication of an association between Zika virus infection and foetal microcephaly. Currently, there is no vaccine, and there is no cure. Methods Published literature and Internet sources were searched for information related to Zika virus, its transmission, its clinical presentation and sequalae, prevention and implications (practice and regulatory) for healthcare providers. The identified English sources were reviewed, assessed and synthesized. Emphasis was placed on providing an overview of the problem, and identification of unmet needs and future directions. Results and discussion Zika virus poses a major challenge for healthcare providers, particularly in areas unaccustomed to it, since it is transmitted to humans by the vector Aedes aegypti mosquito. The outbreak impacts every healthcare provider, because every provider is required to report cases of Zika infection to their state or local health agencies––whether the infection is confirmed or merely suspected. Since the virus has become a worldwide crisis, healthcare providers will need to work across national boundaries and medical disciplines in order to educate patients about Zika symptoms and the mosquito vector. Until further information is known, infected patients (male and female) are being advised to avoid conceiving a child. What is new and Conclusion Until a vaccine is developed or effective treatment for Zika virus is discovered, healthcare providers must be AVP (aware, vigilant and proactive) in order to lessen the spread and impact of the implicated devastating birth defects (microcephaly) and other neurological disorders (eg Guillain‐Barré Syndrome) of this infection. Unfortunately, many knowledge gaps exist. There is an urgent need for a reliable, inexpensive diagnostic test, an effective treatment and an approved and readily available vaccine.

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Update on Zika virus infection in pregnancy

Cited by 2 publications

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Interferons and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Pregnancy and Fetal Development

Interferons and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Pregnancy and Fetal Development

The Zika virus: Lurking behind the COVID‐19 pandemic?

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