Investigation of urinary abnormalities and risk factors for kidney disease in the World Kidney Day campaigns in Northeast Brazil

Abstract

Objective: chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing common problem in the world due to the exponential growth of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and other risk factors. The aim of this study is to investigate urinary abnormalities and risk factors for kidney disease in the general population. Methods: this study was performed from data collected during the annual World Kidney Day (WKD) campaigns, in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, between 2009 and 2012. The population sought assistance spontaneously in stands placed in high people-traffic areas. Results: among 2,637 individuals interviewed, the mean age was 50.7±15.7 years and 53% were male. The main risk factors found were sedentarism (60.7%), obesity (22.7%) and smoking (19.8%). Blood pressure (BP) > 140x90 mmHg was found in 877 (33%). Increased BP was found for the first time in 527 cases (19.9%). Cardiovascular diseases were reported in 228 (8.6%). Diabetes was related by 343 (13%). Capillary blood glucose > 200 mg/dL was found in 127 (4.8%) and it was > 200 mg/dL for the first time in 30 (1.13%). Urinalysis was performed in 1,151 people and found proteinuria in 269 (23.3%). Proteinuria was most frequent in hypertension people (77.3% vs. 55.8%, p=0.0001), diabetes mellitus (22.7% vs. 15.2%, p=0.005) and elderly (42.1% vs. 30.7%, p=0.0007). Conclusion: risk factors for CKD are frequent in the general population. Many individuals had hypertension and diabetes and did not know this. It is important to regularly perform actions like WKD in order to early detect potential candidates for CKD.

Assistance Network and Morbi-Mortality Pattern Of Hypertension in a Metropolitan area Of Northeast Brazil

“…In another study, conducted in a reference hospital in Fortaleza, a total of 426 patients were admitted with diagnosis of stroke from July to September 2008, and hypertension was observed in 97% of them, evidencing this as the main risk factor for stroke [13]. Other important complication, CKD, was investigated in this city, by Araújo et al [14]. A total of 2,637 individuals were interviewed during campaigns of the "World Kidney Day", and hypertension was found in 34.3% of them.…”

O protagonismo de jovens com doença renal crônica e a dádiva na construção da atenção à saúde

“…Diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension are the most common risk factors associated with the disease, which are two conditions that stand out in the sphere of chronic global diseases. It is estimated that, in the United States, the number of individuals undergoing renal replacement therapy (RRT) -also known as dialysis -will exceed two million by 2030 (Araújo et al, 2014). In Brazil, to have an idea, in 2013, the percentage of individuals affected by hypertension was 21.4%, which represents 31.3 million people in the country that have one of the risk factors associated with developing CKD (IBGE, 2013).…”