Evaluation of the cardio-ankle vascular index in COVID-19 patients

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship and prognostic significance of cardio-ankle vascular index, which is a measure of arterial stiffness that can lead to endothelial dysfunction and poor cardiovascular issues in COVID-19 patients, with COVID-19. METHODS:The study included 115 patients, of which 65 patients in the case group with Real time reversetranscription-polymerasechainreaction test positive and diagnosed for COVID-19 and 50 volunteers in the control group. Patients with COVID-19 were classified as moderate/ severe or mild COVID-19 in the subgroup analysis based on the severity of the disease. We investigated the relationship between cardioankle vascular index and COVID-19 by using the VaSera VS-1000 device to automatically measure each patient's cardio-ankle vascular index and ankle-brachial pressure index. RESULTS:The mean age of participants included in the study was 65.7±10.7 years. Patients and volunteers were statistically similar in terms of age, gender, comorbidities, Charlson comorbidity index scores, and body mass index values (p>0.05). The right-cardio-ankle vascular index value was 9.6±2.4 in the case group and 8.5±1.1 in the control group (p=0.004). The left-cardio-ankle vascular index value was 9.4±2.7 in the case group and 8.5±1.2 in the control group (p=0.01). The right-cardio-ankle vascular index value was 10.8±3.4 in the moderate/severe disease group and 8.8±0.9 in the mild disease group (p=0.008). The left-cardio-ankle vascular index value was 10.7±3.6 in the moderate/severe disease group and 8.5±1.5 in the mild disease group (p<0.001). The right-cardio-ankle vascular index and left-cardio-ankle vascular index values were found to be significantly higher in COVID-19 patients in our study. When receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to distinguish moderate/severe COVID-19 patients from mild patients, right-cardio-ankle vascular index was area under the curve 0.757 (0.630-0.884), and left-cardio-ankle vascular index was area under the curve 0.782 (0.661-0.902). CONCLUSION:The right-cardio-ankle vascular index and left-cardio-ankle vascular index values increased in COVID-19 patients in our study, and this was thought to be prognostically significant.

Acute and Long-Term Consequences of COVID-19 on Arterial Stiffness—A Narrative Review

“…Despite previous reports of acute increases in carotid intima thickness during hyperinflammatory states, cIMT had similar values in cases and controls, possibly due to the mild COVID-19 clinical presentation among the analyzed patients. Indeed, a prospective case-control analysis showed that the left and right CAVI (VaSera VS-1000-Fukuda-Denshi Company Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) were significantly higher in moderate–severe COVID-19 versus mild COVID-19 [ 28 ]. The left and right CAVI were more impaired among COVID-19 patients, and cut-off values of >8.5 and >8.75, respectively, could predict disease severity [ 28 ].…”

“…Indeed, a prospective case-control analysis showed that the left and right CAVI (VaSera VS-1000-Fukuda-Denshi Company Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) were significantly higher in moderate–severe COVID-19 versus mild COVID-19 [ 28 ]. The left and right CAVI were more impaired among COVID-19 patients, and cut-off values of >8.5 and >8.75, respectively, could predict disease severity [ 28 ].…”

Вплив На Артеріальну Жорсткість Додавання Статинів До Антигіпертензивної Терапії В Пацієнтів З Резистентною Артеріальною Гіпертензією

“…CAVI зліва в пацієнтів з помірним і тяжким ступенем COVID-19 був 10,7 ± 3,6, у пацієнтів з м'яким перебігом COVID-19 -8,5 ± 1,5 (р < 0,001). Автори роблять висновок, що як справа, так і зліва CAVI був вищим у пацієнтів з інфекцією COVID-19 і залежав від тяжкості хвороби [7].…”

Association of COVID-19 and Arterial Stiffness Assessed using Cardiovascular Index (CAVI)

“…This leads to the hyporeactivity of vascular adrenergic receptors, a decrease in the level of endogenous vasopressin, and a lack of corticosteroids [ 26 ]. As a result, COVID-19 may alter arterial stiffness [ 15 , 27 - 30 ]. Earlier studies have shown a significantly higher arterial stiffness index and pulse wave velocity (PWV) in COVID-19 non-survivors compared to survivors and the association between increased pulse pressure and in-hospital mortality [ 31 - 34 ].…”