Side effects and antibody response of an inactive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine among health care workers

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the antibody response and the side effects of the two-dose inactive SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac, Sinovac, China) among a health care worker population in Turkey. METHODS:This study was a prospective, cross-sectional, single-center study conducted between December 16, 2020, and March 15, 2021. We evaluated the side effects from a questionnaire, and anti-spike immunoglobulin G response to the vaccine (0-and 28-day schedule) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS: A total of 94 of 184 health care workers completed this study. The percentages of participants who were seronegative at baseline and achieved to the seropositivity were 21.3 and 97.9%, respectively, on day 21 after vaccinations. The seropositivity was predominantly detected in 31-45 years of the age group (55.4%, p=0.636), normal body mass index (47.8%, p=0.999), nonsmokers (64.1%, p=0.999), those without any comorbidities (73.9%, p=0.463), and those without any side effects (70.2%, p=0.256). The frequencies of overall side effects within seven days after the first and second doses of CoronaVac were 37.2 and 28.7%, respectively.The most common side effects was localized pain at the injection site (15.7 and 11.6%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS:We found that vaccination by two-dose CoronaVac could elicit a specific humoral response, and it was well tolerated in health care workers. The high seropositivity developed after the second dose attracted attention. Our study will be useful in terms of showing short-term immunity and side effects.

Comprehensive Assessment of Adverse Events Following CoronaVac Immunization: A Population-based Study in Turkey Between January and August 2021

“…Therefore, our study presents a contrast that warrants further investigation using larger and more comprehensive datasets. Our study also revealed a statistically significant decrease in AEFI incidence following the second dose, which is consistent with the findings of Gümüş et al, where the general side effects were 37.2% and 28.7% after the first and second doses, respectively [14]. Similarly, the most frequently observed AEFI, localized pain at the injection site (15.7% and 11.6%, respectively), were in line with our data.…”

The Effect of Smoking on Humoral Response to COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological Studies

“…Regarding the studies that did not find a relationship between exposure to smoking and COVID-19 vaccine response, current smokers tended to have predominant lower antispike IgG levels than the past and never smoker groups, but the difference was not statistically significant in two reports [25,26]. Similarly, smoking status did not correlate with titres of IgG against the spike protein induced by BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in the study of Modenese et al [43], or those induced by either BNT162b2 or BBIBP-CorV COVID-19 vaccine in Alqassieh et al [36].…”

“…It is worth also mentioning that some studies included in this review did not detect a correlation between smoking status and postvaccination IgG titres. However, most of these reports include a very low sample size and/or proportion of smokers [25,32,34,43], or examined the antibody levels in the early weeks after the completion of vaccination cycle [25,32,43], making it difficult to appreciate possible differences between smokers and nonsmokers [20].…”

Bidirectionality between Cardiometabolic Diseases and COVID-19: Role of Humoral Immunity

“…Fourteen cohort and cross-sectional studies assessed associations between anti-S and adiposity (BMI, waist circumference) following COVID-19 vaccinations. The directionality of associations was inconsistent [ 86 ]; specifically, 7 studies showed null associations [ [87] , [88] , [89] , [90] , [91] , [92] , [93] ], 3 found positive associations [ 81 , 94 , 95 ], and 3 showed inverse associations [ [96] , [97] , [98] ]. Anti-S levels were evaluated in all studies except for one that assessed seroprevalence [ 88 ].…”

“…The directionality of associations was inconsistent [ 86 ]; specifically, 7 studies showed null associations [ [87] , [88] , [89] , [90] , [91] , [92] , [93] ], 3 found positive associations [ 81 , 94 , 95 ], and 3 showed inverse associations [ [96] , [97] , [98] ]. Anti-S levels were evaluated in all studies except for one that assessed seroprevalence [ 88 ]. Based on the previous observation of the J-shaped association between BMI and mortality, future studies should consider the nonlinearity of this association.…”