Tree Species of Atlantic Forest and Pampa Alluvial Forests in the Context of Climate Change

Abstract

Although species are continually exposed to variations in climate over time, there is growing concern about the accelerated pace of climate change to which they are currently exposed, as climate is determinant in the geographic distribution of animals and plants. This study evaluated the climatic niche and impact of climate change in the 2061-2080 period on areas of occurrence of indicator tree species of alluvial forests in the south-central portion of the Atlantic Forest and Brazilian Pampa. Nineteen climatic variables were considered for the contemporary and future climates. The species’ climatic niches were modeled using the Maxent algorithm. Climatic adequacy for species in the Parana-Uruguay group was strongly influenced by variables related to temperature, while adequacy for species in the Atlantic group was related to rainfall and temperature. A decrease in the area of climatic adequacy is estimated for most species considered, with similar behavior in the two groups assessed. The species tend to occupy a more southern position, using areas of higher altitude, latitude and proximity to the Brazilian coast as climate refuges, highlighting these areas as strategic for environmental conservation.