Lactic Bacterium and Bacillus Sp. Biofilms Can Decrease the Viability of Salmonella Gallinarum, Salmonella Heidelberg, Campylobacter Jejuni and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus on Different Substrates

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of biofilms formed by lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus sp. (BLA) in preventing and controlling the formation of wild biofilms and/or planktonic forms of Salmonella Gallinarum (SG), Salmonella Heidelberg (SH), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on different surfaces. The SH and SG viability was evaluated in polystyrene plates, wood shavings, and soil samples. Two protocols were developed to examine the use of BLA in a preventive and control application. For analysis of Campylobacter jejuni (CJ) BLA was used only preventively in a polystyrene plate. Results showed that BLA was effective in preventing the growth of SG and SH in all matrices. The effectiveness of BLA for MRSA was lower than for SG and SH. The efficiency of BLA in preventing CJ growth seems to be related to the initial CJ contamination. BLA proves to be a potential alternative to control food-borne pathogens commonly encountered in animal production and food industry.

Comparative Genome Analysis of Enterococcus cecorum Reveals Intercontinental Spread of a Lineage of Clinical Poultry Isolates

“…Bacitracin is produced by Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis strains. With the need for alternatives to antibiotics in livestock, bacillus strains are used as probiotics or applied together with lactic acid bacteria as a protective biofilm against pathogens ( 88 – 90 ). The increase in E. cecorum isolates carrying the bcr operon points to the need to examine whether Bacillus strains applied on farms produce bacitracin or related antimicrobial compounds that could contribute to the dissemination of the bcr operon.…”

Use of Probiotics to Control Biofilm Formation in Food Industries

“…Moradi et al [ 70 ] reported that a cocktail of Lactobacillus animalis , Lactobacillus amylovorus , and Pediococcus acidilacti cells significantly reduced L. monocytogenes biofilm culturability after 24 h of contact (98%), and was still able to displace L. monocytogenes cells attached to the surface after 72 h. The inhibition of pathogen cells from accessing available nutrients could be the factor behind the remarkable antagonistic activity observed. In turn, Monteiro et al [ 71 ] studied the anti-biofilm activity of a mixture of Bacillus and Pediococcus species against Salmonella heidelberg , Salmonella gallinarum , S. aureus , and Campylobacter jejuni . The mature biofilms were reduced by up to 99.99% for S. heidelberg , S. gallinarum and S. aureus and by up to 14.9% for C. jejuni , depending on the material used (soil, wood, and polystyrene) and the contact time.…”

Comparative genome analysis ofEnterococcus cecorumreveals intercontinental spread of a lineage of clinical poultry isolates

“…Bacitracin is produced by Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis strains. With the need for alternatives to antibiotics in livestock, bacilli strains are used as probiotics or applied together with lactic acid bacteria as protective biofilm against pathogens (87)(88)(89). The increase of E. cecorum isolates carrying the bcr operon points to the need for examining whether Bacillus strains applied in farms produce bacitracin or related antimicrobial compounds that could contribute to the dissemination of the bcr operon.…”