Preventive, Behavioral, Productive, and Tissue Modification using Green Synthesized Selenium Nanoparticles in the Drinking Water of Two Broiler Breeds under Microbial Stress

Abstract

A study was conducted to investigate the influence of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPS) and inorganic selenium supplementation in the drinking water on behavior, performance, and immunity of Arbor Acres ® and Ross ® 308 broilers exposed to E. coli O157:H7 1.6 × 10 8 challenge at the 10 th day of age.180 one-day-old female broilers were divided into six groups, each with 30 chicks. G1 and G4 were supplied with 1 mL SeNPS 100 mg.L -1 /L, G2 and G5 were supplied with 1 mL inorganic selenium 100 mg.L -1 /L, and G3 and G6 were supplied with non-supplemented water. Where, G1, G2, and G3 were Arbor Acres ® , while G4, G5, and G6 were Ross ® 308 broilers. A total of 1280 samples (160 sera, 160 intestinal swabs and 960 organ samples including liver, spleen, bursa, heart, breast muscles, and thymus) were collected in a study period of 38 days.A highly significant increase (p<0.01) of weight gain, feed conversion, performance index, total protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, immunoglobulin G and M, total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase was recorded in G4 Ross ® 308 compared to other supplemented and control groups. G1 Arbor Acres ® and G4 Ross ® 308 broilers, also revealed a highly significant decline (p<0.01) in total bacterial and enterobacteriaceae counts of intestine and breast muscles compared to G2 Arbor Acres ® and G5 Ross ® 308 broilers and to controls. Photomicrographs revealed a higher degree of cellular and tissue protection in G4 and G5 Ross ® 308 compared to G1 and G2 Arbor Acres ® broilers. An improvement from SeNPS supplementation was detected on behavior, performance, bacterial load, immunological, antioxidant profiles, and tissue architecture in broilers breeds with special reference to Ross ® 308 compared to Arbor Acres ® broilers.

Prophylactic impact of nano-selenium on performance, carcasses quality, and tissues' selenium concentration using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography during microbial challenge in broiler chickens

“…Hassan et al [12] reported significant improvements by the usage of 0.5 mL NS 100 mg.L −1 (0.05 mg.L −1 ) over inorganic Se (sodium selenite) on growth traits, antioxidant activity, immunoglobulin concentration, biochemical profile, behavioral patterns, and histopathological pictures in two experimented broiler breeds (Arbor and Ross) exposed to heat stress. Meanwhile, Ali et al [23] recommended the usage of 1 mL NS 100 mg.L −1 (0.1 mg.L −1 ) and reported significant improvements of performance, behavioral patterns, antioxidant activity, immunoglobulin concentration, biochemical profile, and histopathological pictures in two experimented broiler breeds (Arbor Acres ® and Ross ® 308) exposed to the microbial challenge when comparing its influence to inorganic Se (sodium selenite). That is why the current study focused on conducting a comparison on the effect of different doses (0.5 and 1.0 mL at a rate of 100 mg.L −1 ) of NS and inorganic Se (sodium selenite) on different parameters including growth traits, behavior, carcass characteristics, immunoglobulin concentration, intestinal bacterial load, and photomicrographs of some edible and immune organs in broiler chickens to give leverage to one of the examined doses.…”

“…NS were prepared as recommended by Gorer and Hodes [22] and Ali et al [23] using Se powder (Merck 209651, 100 mesh, ≥99.5% trace metals basis) and sodium sulfate (Merck 7757-82-6, Molecular Weight: 142.04), as well as, glucose 6% powder (Merck G7021, powder, BioReagent, ≥99.5%) as stabilizing and reducing agent, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA 10,981, mounting medium with DABCO ® , 100 mL) to prevent deviations in the morphological characters of NS and to protect the molecules from aggregation. The aqueous sodium seleno-sulfate solution was prepared by adding Se powder to sodium sulfate solution, and then optimized by refluxing and heating at 70°C; the filtrate of the formed solution was treated with glucose and PVA 1% with refluxing for an extra 6 h. The final product was examined and identified for its size, concentration (100 mg.L −1 ) and structure using HR-Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) JOEL JEM-2010 operated at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV equipped with Gatan digital camera Erlangshen ES500 by dropping the sample on a copper grid coated with a carbon film and ultraviolet (UV)-visible Shimadzu RF5301PC double beam spectrophotometer.…”

Stress and immunity in poultry: light management and nanotechnology as effective immune enhancers to fight stress

“…Boostani et al (2015) stated that Se supplementation (organic, inorganic, or nano) increased the antioxidant enzyme activities, decreased MDA levels, and increased IgM and IgG levels, and these effects were the highest in nano-Se supplementation in broilers under oxidative stress. Se nanoparticles were supplemented to birds challenged with E. coli, which showed an enhanced performance, immunological response, antioxidant activity, and protection from the tissue pathological effect and a lowered bacterial load in the intestine of broilers (Ali et al 2020).…”

The Influence of Lactococcus and Bacillus species Probiotics on Performance, Energy Utilization, Intestinal Ecosystem of Broiler Chickens

“…Therefore, alternative feed additives must be developed to replace the use of antibiotics in animal production. Alternatives have been experimented with for a long such as bacteriophage (Tiwari et al, 2014), cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) oil (Abd El-Hack et al, 2020a), inorganic and nano-selenium (Soliman et al, 2020), inorganic selenium (Ali et al, 2020;Hassan et al, 2020), Nigella sativa Linn (Soliman et al, 2017), and probiotics (Aalaei et al, 2019;Zainuddin et al, 2020). Probiotics are non-pathogenic microorganisms that enhance the gastrointestinal microbiota to maintain a healthy digestive tract, thereby supporting poultry health status and growth (Abd El-Hack et al, 2020b).…”