Effects of Glutamine on Digestive Function and Redox Regulation in the Intestines of Broiler Chickens Challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis

Wu, Qiu Jue; Liu, Z; Li, S; Jiao, C; Wang, Y

doi:10.1590/1806-9061-2019-1123

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Secreted lipase from pancreas is trapped in the mucus layer and digests lipids ( Song et al, 2018 ), and lipase activities can be measured in the ileal tissue. Reduced lipase due to ST NR infection in the current study is potentially because ST NR infection impaired pancreas function by inducing system inflammation ( Wu et al, 2019 ). Increased lipase activities by supplemental TA might be the result of supplemental TA ameliorating impaired pancreas functions due to ST NR infection in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects of tannic acid supplementation in broilers infected with Salmonella Typhimurium

Choi¹,

Marshall²,

Ko³

et al. 2022

Poultry Science

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects of tannic acid supplementation in broilers infected with Salmonella Typhimurium

Choi¹,

Marshall²,

Ko³

et al. 2022

Poultry Science

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“…A research group indeed previously reported higher activities of SOD and GPX concomitant with lower MDA levels in the serum of broilers following 42 days of glutamine supplementation [ 57 ]. Similarly, the activities of all three major antioxidant enzymes were increased in the gut of broilers infected with Salmonella Enteritidis when they were fed diets enriched in glutamine [ 58 ]. Therefore, using glutamine as a mitigation strategy against HS, which is associated with pronounced alterations in the antioxidant system, might explain the magnitude of the effect sizes obtained.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Supplementation of glutamine in the diet also maintained intestinal lymphocyte functions and increased metabolic activity and proliferation of enterocytes [ 61 ]. Furthermore, glutamine appeared to be linked with an increase in the intestinal villus height and number, as well as the reduction of pathogenic bacteria invasion [ 58 ]. Hence, supplementation of glutamine improves digestive function and compensates for the glutamine reserve depletion that occurs during HS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dietary Glutamine Supplementation on Heat-Induced Oxidative Stress in Broiler Chickens: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2023

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In avian species, heat stress (HS) is usually the result of being exposed to high ambient temperatures, whereas oxidative stress (OS) results from the overproduction of reactive oxygen species. The current literature suggests that HS often leads to OS. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effects of dietary supplementation of glutamine on the antioxidant status and growth performances in heat-stressed broilers. A total of 13 studies were deemed eligible after an exhaustive search of the literature from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. Briefly, the following criteria were used to select the studies: trials performed on broilers; publication in peer-review journals using English as the text language; and sufficient details about the design and inclusion of dietary glutamine as a treatment for HS. Two main categories of outcomes were extracted from the studies included in the review: growth parameters and OS markers. For the meta-analysis, a random effect model was used when the heterogeneity was higher than 50%, and a fixed effect model was applied otherwise. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMD), and mean differences (MD) with their confidence intervals (CI) from the studies revealed that dietary glutamine could increase body weight gain (SMD = 0.70, CI = 0.50 to 0.90, p < 0.05), and feed intake (FI) (SMD = 0.64, CI = 0.43 to 0.86, p < 0.05), and reduce the feed conversion ratio (MD = −0.05, CI = −0.07 to −0.02, p < 0.05) in heat-exposed birds. Additionally, higher glutamine (SMD = 1.21, CI = 1.00 to 1.43, p < 0.05), glutathione (SMD = 1.25, CI = 0.88 to 1.62, p < 0.05), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (SMD = 0.97, CI = 0.58 to 1.36, p < 0.05), and catalase (SMD = 0.94, CI = 0.72 to 1.16, p < 0.05) levels were recorded in the serum, breast, and thigh muscle after supplementation of glutamine. Furthermore, the subgroup analysis revealed that malondialdehydes levels were decreased only in the serum (SMD = −0.83, CI = −1.25 to −0.41, p < 0.001) and thigh muscle (SMD = −1.30, CI = −1.86 to −0.35, p < 0.001) while glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity was increased in the breast (SMD = 1.32, CI = 0.95 to 1.68, p < 0.05) and thigh muscle (SMD = 1.53, CI = 1.06 to 1.99, p < 0.05). Meta-regression models indicated that longer periods of heat exposure were inversely associated with the effectiveness of dietary glutamine in increasing FI, GPX, and SOD (p < 0.05). Besides, increasing the dietary concentration of glutamine led to higher GPX and SOD levels (p < 0.05). Taken together, results suggest that dietary supplementation of glutamine can effectively mitigate the deleterious effects of HS by enhancing the antioxidant status and increasing growth performances in broilers.

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“…Some studies have shown that dietary AAs can increase pancreatic trypsin levels in juvenile rats [ 49 , 50 ]. Supplementation of glutamine in newly hatched broiler chicken diets led to an improved average body weights and to an increase in digestive enzyme activities (trypsin, lipase, and amylase) [ 51 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Egg nutritional modulation with amino acids improved performance in zebrafish larvae

Navarro-Guillén¹,

Pereira

Lopes³

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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New and more efficient methods to sustainably intensify Aquaculture production are essential to attain the seafood demand for direct human consumption in the near future. Nutrition has been identified as one strategy of early exposure that might affect animal early development and later phenotype. This strategy may have positive consequences in the modulation of fish digestive physiology, which will correlate with higher performance outputs. Thus, improving fish digestive efficiency will lead to higher productivity and lower biogenic emission from aquaculture facilities, minimising the impact on the environment while increasing the biological efficiency. An innovative in ovo nutritional modulation technique based on low-frequency ultrasounds was used to enhance the transport of amino acids across the embryo membranes. An early stimulus with either arginine or glutamine, both involved in gut maturation, was applied in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos at 3.5 hours post-fertilization (hpf). At 22 days post-fertilization (dpf), growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and gut microbiota composition were analysed to evaluate the larval nutrition-induced metabolic plasticity and the effects on fish digestive efficiency. Results showed that fish survival was not affected either by the sonophoresis technique or amino acid supplementation. Final dry weight at 22 dpf was statistically higher in larvae from glutamine treatment when compared to the control even with lower trypsin activity, suggesting a higher nutrient digestion capacity, due to a slightly modulation of gut microbiota. Higher arginine supplementation levels should be tested as strategy to enhance growth at later developmental stages. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the efficiency of sonophoresis technique for in ovo nutritional modulation and suggests that in ovo glutamine supplementation might promote growth at later developmental stage through a positive microbiota modulation.

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Effects of Glutamine on Digestive Function and Redox Regulation in the Intestines of Broiler Chickens Challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects of tannic acid supplementation in broilers infected with Salmonella Typhimurium

Antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects of tannic acid supplementation in broilers infected with Salmonella Typhimurium

Effects of Dietary Glutamine Supplementation on Heat-Induced Oxidative Stress in Broiler Chickens: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Egg nutritional modulation with amino acids improved performance in zebrafish larvae

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