Epidemiology of Avian Infectious Laryngotracheitis with Special Focus to South America: an update

Parra, Silvana Hipatia Santander; Nuñez, Lfn; Ferreira, Ana Paula Garcia

doi:10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0224

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 80 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…Because of this, vaccination against ILTV is not routinely carried out in the Caribbean, as the live ILTV vaccine brings with it the risk of introducing the virus into the region. Over the past 40 years, there have been multiple reports of ILTV outbreaks in various South American countries [ 40 ] but very few reports of outbreaks in the Caribbean region. There have been no reports of ILTV being present in poultry flocks in Belize, Guyana, or Suriname.…”

Section: Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further studies are needed to identify the genotype and phenotype of the ILTV circulating in the Tobago poultry to determine whether any serious disease risk is posed. Low virulent strains of ILTV have been reported to be circulating in the wider Latin American region and the virus has been reported to be present in nearby Brazil and Venezuela [ 40 ].…”

Section: Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Review of Eight High-Priority, Economically Important Viral Pathogens of Poultry within the Caribbean Region

Jordan

Gongora²,

Hartley

et al. 2018

Veterinary Sciences

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Viral pathogens cause devastating economic losses in poultry industries worldwide. The Caribbean region, which boasts some of the highest rates of poultry consumption in the world, is no exception. This review summarizes evidence for the circulation and spread of eight high-priority, economically important poultry viruses across the Caribbean region. Avian influenza virus (AIV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), avian metapneumovirus (aMPV), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), fowl adenovirus group 1 (FADV Gp1), and egg drop syndrome virus (EDSV) were selected for review. This review of serological, molecular, and phylogenetic studies across Caribbean countries reveals evidence for sporadic outbreaks of respiratory disease caused by notifiable viral pathogens (AIV, IBV, NDV, and ILTV), as well as outbreaks of diseases caused by immunosuppressive viral pathogens (IBDV and FADV Gp1). This review highlights the need to strengthen current levels of surveillance and reporting for poultry diseases in domestic and wild bird populations across the Caribbean, as well as the need to strengthen the diagnostic capacity and capability of Caribbean national veterinary diagnostic laboratories.

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Section: Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Eight High-Priority, Economically Important Viral Pathogens of Poultry within the Caribbean Region

Jordan

Gongora²,

Hartley

et al. 2018

Veterinary Sciences

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“…With regard to the distribution of the disease, several reports indicate its worldwide spread [ 5 , 11 , 12 , 17 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Current reports are focusing on the emergence of vaccinal virus strains as the dominant cause of the outbreaks [ 3 , 9 , 16 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case of Infectious Laryngotracheitis in an Organic Broiler Chicken Farm in Greece

Tsiouris

Mavromati

Kiskinis

et al. 2021

Veterinary Sciences

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Infectious laryngotracheitis is an economically significant viral disease of chickens, that mainly affects the upper respiratory tract, and is present worldwide. This case reports the first outbreak of infectious laryngotracheitis in a four-week-old organic broiler farm and surrounding flocks in Greece, with typical clinical symptoms and lesions, allegedly provoked by a wild strain of infectious laryngotracheitis virus. Our findings contradict the general perception indicating that the disease appears mainly in older birds and that vaccine strains are the primary cause of infectious laryngotracheitis outbreaks in most continents. A recombinant vectored vaccine was administered, supplementary to biosecurity measures, containing the viral spread. The responsible strain was potentially circulating in the area; therefore, an industry-wide holistic approach was applied, including the vaccination of neighboring broilers and breeders with the same vaccine, the rapid molecular diagnosis of the disease, and strict biosecurity protocols. The results of this holistic effort were effective because, following the application of vaccine and management protocols, manifestations of the disease in regional flocks dropped significantly, and there was no recurrence to date. These findings suggest that vaccination protocols should be modified, especially for organic broilers, to include vaccination against infectious laryngotracheitis.

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“…High mortality, demonstrated by the severe form of the disease, is a result of severe tracheal lesions in the respiratory tract, significant respiratory distress, expectoration of bloody sputum, sneezing and persistent nasal discharge decreased egg production, weight loss, and susceptibility to infections with other pathogens [4]. The mild form exhibited low mortality, mucoid tracheitis, and sinusitis [5, 6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vaccination against the viral diseases is very important for protection, due to the lack of appropriate antiviral drugs, high cost, and time consuming of development of new antiviral drugs. Different types of vaccines are available for ILTV such as vaccines produced in chicken-embryo-origin (CEO), tissue-culture-origin (TCO), and recombinant vaccines [5]. However, vaccination against ILTV is recommended only in endemic areas to prevent transmission of the virus by latent infected carriers' birds to nonvaccinated healthy flocks [1, 7, 8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoinformatics Approach for Multiepitopes Vaccine Prediction against Glycoprotein B of Avian Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus

Ali

Almofti

Abd-elrahman

2019

Advances in Bioinformatics

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Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) is a gallid herpesvirus type 1, a member of the genus Iltovirus. It causes an infection in the upper respiratory tract mainly trachea which results in significant economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. Vaccination against ILTV produced latent infected carriers’ birds, which become a source of virus transmission to nonvaccinated flocks. Thus this study aimed to design safe multiepitopes vaccine against glycoprotein B of ILT virus using immunoinformatic tools. Forty-four sequences of complete envelope glycoprotein B were retrieved from GenBank of National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and aligned for conservancy by multiple sequence alignment (MSA). Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) analysis resources were used to predict and analyze candidate epitopes that could act as a promising peptide vaccine. For B cell epitopes, thirty-one linear epitopes were predicted using Bepipred. However eight epitopes were found to be on both surface and antigenic epitopes using Emini surface accessibility and antigenicity, respectively. Three epitopes (190KKLP193, 386YSSTHVRS393, and 317KESV320) were proposed as B cell epitopes. For T cells several epitopes were interacted with MHC class I with high affinity and specificity, but the best recognized epitopes were 118YVFNVTLYY126, 335VSYKNSYHF343, and 622YLLYEDYTF630. MHC-II binding epitopes, 301FLTDEQFTI309,277FLEIANYQV285, and 743IASFLSNPF751, were proposed as promising epitopes due to their high affinity for MHC-II molecules. Moreover the docked ligand epitopes from MHC-1 molecule exhibited high binding affinity with the receptors; BF chicken alleles (BF2 2101 and 0401) expressed by the lower global energy of the molecules. In this study nine epitopes were predicted as promising vaccine candidate against ILTV. In vivo and in vitro studies are required to support the effectiveness of these predicted epitopes as a multipeptide vaccine through clinical trials.

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Epidemiology of Avian Infectious Laryngotracheitis with Special Focus to South America: an update

Cited by 12 publications

References 80 publications

A Review of Eight High-Priority, Economically Important Viral Pathogens of Poultry within the Caribbean Region

A Review of Eight High-Priority, Economically Important Viral Pathogens of Poultry within the Caribbean Region

A Case of Infectious Laryngotracheitis in an Organic Broiler Chicken Farm in Greece

Immunoinformatics Approach for Multiepitopes Vaccine Prediction against Glycoprotein B of Avian Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus

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