Protein to energy ratios and cost, performance, and ammonia excretion in juvenile jundiá (Rhamdia quelen), South American catfish

Abstract

The determination of nutritional requirements, based on diets administered in practice, considers physiological specificities and sustainability are essential to the development of suitable aquaculture technologies for novel fish species. The growth of jundiá (Rhamdia quelen Quoy and Gaimard) juveniles (31.54 ± 4.92 g) fed five diets comprising increasing levels of