Dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors of a federal public institution staff in the northern region of Brazil

Abstract

Objective To identify dietary patterns in an adult population and assess those patterns association with cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods Cross-sectional study conducted with 130 workers of a university in Tocantins, Brazil, aged 20-59 years. Dietary patterns were identified by principal component analysis based on a food frequency questionnaire. Body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glycemia, triacylglycerols, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the association between dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors. Results Three dietary patterns were identified that together explained 78.74% of total variance: healthy, western and fit dietary patterns. In the adjusted model, greater adherence to the healthy pattern was associated with lower fasting glucose values (OR: 0.89; 95%IC: 0.82-0.97; p=0.009) and with higher concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR: 1.02; 95%IC: 1.00-1.04; p=0.024); the western dietary pattern was associated with higher fasting glucose values (OR: 1.06; 95%IC: 1.00-1.13; p=0.05) and the fit pattern was associated with lower concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR: 0.98; 95%IC: 0.97-0.99; p=0.048). Conclusion Food was an important risk and protective factor for cardiometabolic changes.