In situ cellular immune response in non-ulcerated skin lesions due to Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi infection

Pacheco, Carmen María Sandoval; Araujo, Gabriela; Sosa, Wilfredo; Ávalos, Sara; Silveira, Fernando; Corbett, Carlos Eduardo Pereira; Zúniga, Concepción; Laurenti, Márcia Dalastra

doi:10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2020-0149

“…In NUCL caused by L. (L.) infantum chagasi, it was possible to identify a high density of M1 macrophages over M2, which could be associated to an efficient cellular immune response in the skin of patients. Such patients developed a robust response of CD8 + T lymphocytes and IFN-γ + cells [26,[44][45][46] that may control parasite spreading and polarize macrophages to a M1 pole. M1 macrophages have the ability to present antigens and produce and secrete proinflammatory cytokines; furthermore, these activated macrophages can kill Leishmania through toxic intermediates of nitrogen and oxygen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrophage Polarization in the Skin Lesion Caused by Neotropical Species of Leishmania sp

Pacheco

¹

,

Araujo

²

,

González

³

et al. 2021

Journal of Immunology Research

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Macrophages play important roles in the innate and acquired immune responses against Leishmania parasites. Depending on the subset and activation status, macrophages may eliminate intracellular parasites; however, these host cells also can offer a safe environment for Leishmania replication. In this sense, the fate of the parasite may be influenced by the phenotype of the infected macrophage, linked to the subtype of classically activated (M1) or alternatively activated (M2) macrophages. In the present study, M1 and M2 macrophage subsets were analyzed by double-staining immunohistochemistry in skin biopsies from patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) caused by L. (L.) amazonensis, L. (V.) braziliensis, L. (V.) panamensis ,and L. (L.) infantum chagasi. High number of M1 macrophages was detected in nonulcerated cutaneous leishmaniasis (NUCL) caused by L. (L.) infantum chagasi ( M 1 = 112 ± 12 , M 2 = 43 ± 12 cells/mm2). On the other side, high density of M2 macrophages was observed in the skin lesions of patients with anergic diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (ADCL) ( M 1 = 195 ± 25 , M 2 = 616 ± 114 ), followed by cases of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) caused by L. (L.) amazonensis ( M 1 = 97 ± 24 , M 2 = 219 ± 29 ), L. (V.) panamensis ( M 1 = 71 ± 14 , M 2 = 164 ± 14 ), and L. (V.) braziliensis ( M 1 = 50 ± 13 , M 2 = 53 ± 10 ); however, low density of M2 macrophages was observed in NUCL. The data presented herein show the polarization of macrophages in skin lesions caused by different Leishmania species that may be related with the outcome of the disease.

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“…In visceral leishmaniasis, there is an increase in the production of multiple cytokines and chemokines, pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory 15‐17 . However, in the NUCL, considerable number of IFN‐γ + cells associated with discrete involvement of IL‐10 + cells were observed in the skin lesion 8,10 . So, to better explore the systemic immunity in these patients, the present study evaluated the cellular immune response through cytokines determination and humoral immune response through immunoglobulins determination in the sera of NUCL comparing with VL patients and non‐infected individuals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…These cutaneous lesions are characterized by a mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate in the dermis, formed mainly by lymphocytes and macrophages, associated with granuloma and scarce parasitism 7 . Recent study showed the predominance of CD8 + T lymphocytes in the mononuclear infiltrate, followed by macrophages, mostly iNOS + , a response that seems to be mediated by IFN‐γ 8 . Among to lymphocytes population, the involvement of the Th17 cells has also been described, suggesting that their inflammatory role could help the control of tissue parasitism 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of systemic immunity in atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi

Laurenti

¹

,

Sosa-Ochoa

²

,

Araujo

³

et al. 2021

Parasite Immunology

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In some central‐American countries, Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi infection can cause non‐ulcerated or atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis (NUCL) in addition to the classic clinical form, visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Little is known about the host‐parasite relationship that can contribute to the determination of one or another clinical form. The present study had the objective to evaluate the humoral and cellular immunity in the sera of individuals affected by NUCL to improve the comprehension of this atypical host‐parasite interaction. Based on clinical and laboratory diagnosis, serum of 80 individuals was collected to evaluate the cytokines and immunoglobulins profile of NUCL (n = 47), VL patients (n = 5), and negative controls (n = 28). Cytokines were detected using Cytokine Bead Array (CBA) Human Th1/Th2/Th17 kit according to the manufacturer's instructions; class (IgG and IgM), and subclass of (IgG1 and IgG2) immunoglobulins was evaluated by ELISA using specific antigens. The concentration of TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, IL‐2 and IL‐4 cytokines in NUCL, VL and control was present below the detection threshold of CBA kit. IL‐6, IL‐10 and IL‐17A cytokines was lower in NUCL compared to LV patients. Regarding to immunoglobulins, NUCL patients produced 4.0 times more IgG than the control, while VL patients produced 6.6 times more; and IgM level was 1.6 times higher in NUCL and 2.6 times in VL patients compared to the control. Concerning the immunoglobulins subclass, only VL patients showed positive reaction for IgG1, and IgG2 did not show positive reaction among the groups. The results showed a weak cellular and humoral systemic immune response in NUCL patients.

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“…Em análise imuno-histoquímica de biópsia cutânea de pacientes moradores dos municípios de Amapala e Orocuina (Honduras), portadores de leishmaniose cutânea não ulcerada (NUCL) causada por L. infantum chagasi mostrou que o material apresentava macrófagos (CD68 + ) NK (CD56 + ), linfócitos T (CD4 + e TCD8 + ) e linfócitos B (CD20 + ) (SANDOVAL et al, 2021).…”

Section: Como Resultados O Inóculo Parasitário Com O Lisado Evoluiu C...unclassified

“…A infecção possui as seguintes formas clínicas em humanos: leishmaniose cutânea, mucocutânea, visceral, ou calazar, a leishmaniose dérmica pós-calazar e a forma atípica (RUIZ-POSTIGO et al, 2021;SANDOVAL et al, 2021), estas estão demonstradas na figura 1. Observou-se no Brasil, que no ano de 1995 houve o maior número de casos registrados de leishmaniose cutânea seguido de uma diminuição com o passar dos anos (figura 2).…”

Section: Aspectos Socioeconômicos E Epidemiológicos Das Leishmaniosesunclassified

Ação do fenetil éster do ácido cafeico (CAPE) em >i<Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis>/i<

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Primeiramente gostaria de agradecer a Deus por me guiar nestes anos, me dando forças para seguir em cada noite virada, me dando inspiração e atendendo minhas preces nos momentos mais difíceis. Também não posso deixar de agradecer meus pais, Maria Marcia Scherma Mesquita e João Maria Mesquita pelo apoio e conforto emocional, além do incentivo de nunca deixar abater nas adversidades. Ao meu namorado, Danilo Aparecido Meler, agradeço todo o carinho, paciência e ajuda prestada nestes anos, por mais que houve tropeços nestes tempos difíceis, tudo teria sido mais difícil sem você. A Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) pelo financiamento da pesquisa através da bolsa nº 19/23769-4. Aos meus orientadores Dr. Edson Roberto da Silva e Dra. Claudia do Carmo Maquiaveli, pela grande oportunidade que me deram em ser orientado, no período que passei sob seus ensinamentos foram compartilhados muito além de saberes técnicos e científicos, mas valores humanos que vão além das páginas dos artigos e paredes do laboratório. A Andressa Parca e Thaís Ribeiro Fadel por tudo que vivemos nas aulas, trabalhos, viagens e momentos de mútuo apoio foi graças a vocês que cheguei ao final com uma bagagem cheia de vivências e amadurecimento. A Tamiris Maganha, Amanda Murarolli Marinho e Camila Silveira Stanquini vocês também foram grandes companheiras de caminhada. Aos alunos Gabriel Santos, Gabriel Andrade e Bárbara Hild, nós ficamos muito tempo juntos, rimos e sofremos não somente nos resultados não alcançados, mas no nosso campo pessoal e sempre tentamos nos ajudar mesmo que em simples conselhos.

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In situ cellular immune response in non-ulcerated skin lesions due to Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi infection

Cited by 9 publications

References 37 publications

Macrophage Polarization in the Skin Lesion Caused by Neotropical Species of Leishmania sp

Macrophage Polarization in the Skin Lesion Caused by Neotropical Species of Leishmania sp

Evaluation of systemic immunity in atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi

Ação do fenetil éster do ácido cafeico (CAPE) em >i<Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis>/i<

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