Enhanced bioactive properties of BiodentineTM modified with bioactive glass nanoparticles

Abstract

Objective To prepare nanocomposite cements based on the incorporation of bioactive glass nanoparticles (nBGs) into BiodentineTM (BD, Septodent, Saint-Maur-des-Fosses Cedex, France) and to assess their bioactive properties.Material and Methods nBGs were synthesised by the sol-gel method. BD nanocomposites (nBG/BD) were prepared with 1 and 2% nBGs by weight; unmodified BD and GC Fuji IX (GIC, GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) were used as references. The in vitro ability of the materials to induce apatite formation was assessed in SBF by X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflectance with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. BD and nBG/BD were also applied to dentine discs for seven days; the morphology and elemental composition of the dentine-cement interface were analysed using SEM-EDX.Results One and two percent nBG/BD composites accelerated apatite formation on the disc surface after short-term immersion in SBF. Apatite was detected on the nBG/BD nanocomposites after three days, compared with seven days for unmodified BD. No apatite formation was detected on the GIC surface. nBG/BD formed a wider interfacial area with dentine than BD, showing blockage of dentine tubules and Si incorporation, suggesting intratubular precipitation.Conclusions The incorporation of nBGs into BD improves its in vitro bioactivity, accelerating the formation of a crystalline apatite layer on its surface after immersion in SBF. Compared with unmodified BD, nBG/BD showed a wider interfacial area with greater Si incorporation and intratubular precipitation of deposits when immersed in SBF.

The Application of 29Si NMR Spectroscopy to the Analysis of Calcium Silicate-Based Cement using Biodentine™ as an Example

“…Comparison of the BSE image and elemental maps for Ca, Si and Zr show discrete 2–10 μm radiopacifying zirconium oxide particles distributed among the calcium silicate cement phases, and the elemental map for C indicates that calcium carbonate is present as a finely divided sub-micron sized powder. SEM and EDX data of hydrated samples are not presented in this study, as the application of these techniques to the microstructural analysis of hydrated Biodentine is extensively documented in the current literature [21,28,29,30,31,32,33].…”

“…Strategies to enhance the mechanical, antimicrobial, radiopaque and bioactive characteristics of Biodentine via the incorporation of various admixtures to the proprietary material have been reported recently [16,17,18,19,20,21,22]. These admixtures include alkali-resistant glass fibers [16], titanium tetrafluoride [17], calcium tungstate and additional zirconium oxide [18], casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) [19,20] and various bioactive glasses [21,22]. In most of these studies, owing to the complex nature of cement chemistry, incremental improvements in a particular characteristic are accompanied by the deterioration of other important and clinically relevant properties.…”

“…The most widely used instrumental techniques for the analysis of the composition and hydration chemistry of calcium silicate dental cements are: scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to investigate microstructure [21,28,29,30,31,32,33]; energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) for elemental composition and mapping [21,28,29,30,31,32,33,34]; Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopies to characterize constituent functional groups [5,8,21,22,30,31,33,34,35]; and powder X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) for the determination of the crystalline phases [5,21,22,28,30,33,36]. Of these techniques, FTIR spectroscopy and XRD analysis are the most commonly used to determine the chemical structures of the components of anhydrous and hydrated cements.…”

Fabricación de recubrimientos compuestos de Bioglass®/poli(ɛ-capro-lactona) obtenidos por co-deposición electroforética sobre acero inoxidable

“…En tal sentido, ROOHANI-ESFAHANI et al [45] reportaron similares aspectos superficiales en recubrimientos compuestos a base de biovidrios activos luego de ser sometidos a ensayos de bioactividad. La ampliación de la micrografía en la Figura 5a, muestra capas de HA que exhiben una estructura de grano fino con poros de tamaño nanométrico, siendo estos resultados equivalentes a los reportados por HUANG et al [46] durante el estudio de la conversión de partículas de biovidrio en HA luego de ser sometidos a ensayos de bioactividad en solución de SFB. En este contexto, CORRAL NUÑEZ et al 2016 [46], reportaron la formación de aglomerados semejantes a estructuras con morfología similar a la del coliflor que fueron obtenidos luego de que las partículas de biovidrio se sometieran a ensayos de bioactividad en SBF, presentando valores de relación calcio/fósforo muy cercanos a la estructura estequiométrica de HA.…”

“…La ampliación de la micrografía en la Figura 5a, muestra capas de HA que exhiben una estructura de grano fino con poros de tamaño nanométrico, siendo estos resultados equivalentes a los reportados por HUANG et al [46] durante el estudio de la conversión de partículas de biovidrio en HA luego de ser sometidos a ensayos de bioactividad en solución de SFB. En este contexto, CORRAL NUÑEZ et al 2016 [46], reportaron la formación de aglomerados semejantes a estructuras con morfología similar a la del coliflor que fueron obtenidos luego de que las partículas de biovidrio se sometieran a ensayos de bioactividad en SBF, presentando valores de relación calcio/fósforo muy cercanos a la estructura estequiométrica de HA. Además, ROGINA et al 2017 [47], también informaron la formación de aglomerados con formas similares, las cuales estaban compuestas por cristales de HA en forma de placas nanométricas distribuidas homogéneamente en toda la estructura.…”