Long-term effects of vertical bone augmentation: a systematic review

Abstract

Extraction, periodontitis, or trauma can cause a reduction on the alveolar ridge. This could result in an insufficient alveolar bone width and height. Different techniques of vertical bone augmentation are described in literature. However, nowadays there is not enough evidence against lateral augmentation procedures to verify if these techniques are stable over a long period of time. Objective This review analyses the different techniques that are used to vertically augment the bone and evaluate if these techniques are stable over a long period of time.Material and Methods The MEDLINE-PubMed database was searched from its earliest records until December 22, 2014. The following search term was used: Alveolar Ridge augmentation [MESH]. Several journals were hand searched and some authors were contacted for additional information. The primary outcome measure that was analyzed was marginal bone level change around dental implants in the augmented sites, and the secondary outcomes were survival and success rates of dental implants placed in the augmented sites.Results The search yielded 203 abstracts. Ultimately, 90 articles were selected, describing 51 studies meeting the eligibility criteria. The marginal bone level change for the inlay technique and vertical guided bone regeneration are in agreement with the success criteria. Alveolar distraction showed more marginal bone level change after the first year of loading, and for the inlay technique very few studies were available.Conclusions Based on the available data in the current existing studies with a follow-up period of at least 4 to 5 years, one can summarize that there seems to be a trend that the onlay technique, alveolar distraction, and vertical guided bone regeneration are stable for at least 4 to 5 years.

Vertical Ridge Gain with Various Bone Augmentation Techniques: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

“…A primary requirement for osseointegration and subsequent implant success is the quantity and quality of alveolar bone at the implant site . However, unfavorable conditions, such as periodontitis, traumatic extractions, dental trauma, and prolonged edentulism, subject alveolar bone to a continuous resorptive process, compromising the volume and strength of the residual bone . The progressive resorption leads to reduced alveolar ridge height and eventually results in an altered inter‐arch relationship in transverse, vertical, and sagittal planes .…”

“…To rehabilitate patients with reduced bone height, vertical bone augmentation is required. It is done surgically with an aim of improving the form of the alveolar ridge(s) so that it can subsequently receive and retain a dental prosthesis . Bone augmentation can be localized or it can involve the entire ridge.…”

“…Bone augmentation can be localized or it can involve the entire ridge. The techniques by which bone can be augmented in the vertical plane include autogenous block grafting, distraction osteogenesis (DO), and guided bone regeneration (GBR) tent‐pole grafting …”

“…Another systematic review by Keestra et al included 51 long‐term studies and compared the success and survival of implants done adjunct to various augmentation procedures, but they too did not report the mean bone gain. They did report that all vertical augmentation techniques (onlay grafting, GBR, and alveolar distraction) yielded stable results for at least 4 to 5 years; however, the evidence generated in that review was considered low, as there was only one RCT included in that paper.…”

Treatment of a Developmental Groove and Supernumerary Root Using Guided Tissue Regeneration Technique

“…It has been stated that DFDBA is a scaffold for bone formation and is able to be converted into bone [21]. Also, to provide epithelial exclusion and allow periodontal ligament, cementum, and bone to regenerate [22], a collagenous membrane was placed over the defect.…”