Periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Periodontal disease (PD) is one of the most commonly known human chronic disorders. The relationship between PD and several systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM) has been increasingly recognized over the past decades.Objective:The purpose of this review is to provide the reader with knowledge concerning the relationship between PD and DM. Many articles have been published in the english and Portuguese literature over the last 50 years examining the relationship between these two chronic diseases. Data interpretation is often confounded by varying definitions of DM, PD and different clinical criteria were applied to determine the prevalence, extent and severity of PD, levels of glycemic control and diabetes-related complications.Methods:This paper provides a broad overview of the predominant findings from research conducted using the BBO (Bibliografia Brasileira de Odontologia), MEDLINE, LILACS and PubMed for Controlled Trials databases, in english and Portuguese languages published from 1960 to October 2012. Primary research reports on investigations of relationships between DM/DM control, PD/periodontal treatment and PD/DM/diabetes-related complications identified relevant papers and meta-analyses published in this period.Results:This paper describes the relationship between PD and DM and answers the following questions: 1- The effect of DM on PD, 2- The effects of glycemic control on PD and 3- The effects of PD on glycemic control and on diabetes-related complications.Conclusions:The scientific evidence reviewed supports diabetes having an adverse effect on periodontal health and PD having an adverse effect on glycemic control and on diabetes-related complications. Further research is needed to clarify these relationships and larger, prospective, controlled trials with ethnically diverse populations are warranted to establish that treating PD can positively influence glycemic control and possibly reduce the burden of diabetes-related complications.

Perfil e percepção de diabéticos sobre a relação entre diabetes e doença periodontal

“…Estudos tratam da relação bidirecional entre diabetes e doença periodontal, mostrando que o diabetes agrava a doença periodontal e que esta última dificulta o controle glicêmico 2,5,7,8,14 . Fica evidente, portanto, a importância do tratamento odontológico aos pacientes com descontrole glicêmico e que estes tenham acesso à informação sobre os agravos de sua doença e a relação desta com a doença periodontal.…”

“…O diabetes gestacional é definido como qualquer grau de intolerância à glicose com início ou primeiro reconhecimento durante a gravidez. Outros tipos específicos compreendem um grupo de vários tipos de diabetes com diferentes etiologias 1,2 .…”

Effect of Oral Azithromycin and Metronidazole as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing on Glycemic Control in Type Ii Diabetic Patients With Chronic Periodontitis

“…Pathogens which are commonly involved in causing periodontitis are Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannarella forsythia and Aggregatibacter actinomycetmcomintans, which lead to soft and hard tissue destruction, dental mobility, and the loss of dental elements [4,5]. The inflamed periodontal tissue may serve as a chronic source of bacteria, bacterial products and may trigger the release of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) 6 and 1 which have important effects on lipid and glucose metabolism [6]. DM is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from a defective insulin secretion and/or activity.…”

Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in gestational diabetes mellitus and survival in tobacco smokers.

“…Diabetes and periodontal inflammation correlate, with overt diabetes associated with an increased risk of more severe periodontitis while periodontitis has been associated with worsened glycemic control in subjects with diabetes [264][265][266][267]. There are only a few studies that address the interrelationships of GDM and gingivitis during pregnancy, specifically, and exacerbation of gingival inflammation by gestational GDM [228,268,269].…”