Evaluation of the remineralizing capacity of silver diamine fluoride on demineralized dentin under pH-cycling conditions

Cifuentes-Jiménez, Carolina; Bolaños-Carmona, Victoria; Essvein, Tattiana Enrich; González-López, Santiago; Álvarez‐Lloret, Pedro

doi:10.1590/1678-7757-2022-0306

J. Appl. Oral Sci.

2023

DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2022-0306

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Evaluation of the remineralizing capacity of silver diamine fluoride on demineralized dentin under pH-cycling conditions

Carolina Cifuentes-Jiménez

Victoria Bolaños-Carmona

Tattiana Enrich Essvein

et al.

Abstract: Evaluation of the remineralizing capacity of silver diamine fluoride on demineralized dentin under pH-cycling conditions Objective: (1) to determine the effects of the silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and sodium fluoride (NaF) in demineralized dentin exposed to an acid challenge by pH-cycling, (2) to evaluate the remineralizing capacity of SDF/NaF products based on the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the treated dentin surfaces. Methodology: In total, 57 human molars were evaluated in different stage… Show more

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Penetration of SDF and AgF from the infected dentine towards the unaffected tooth structure

Mulder,

Potgieter,

Noordien

2023

Front. Oral. Health

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BackgroundThe use of SEM-EDS line scan analysis to evaluate the movement of ions from dental materials towards the tooth structure and the concept of ion movement is well established. This analysis technique was used to determine the ion movement of two commercially available silver- and fluoride-containing products.MethodsThis study aimed to compare the elemental analysis of primary molar teeth treated with silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and water-based silver fluoride (AgF) and to analyse the penetration of SDF and AgF from the infected dentine towards the healthy dentine. The teeth were cleaned from debris and contaminants off the roots and stored until use. A total of 15 primary molars with large active cavitated lesions, not extending into the pulp (specimens), were divided into three test groups: silver diamine fluoride (SDF) (n = 5), water-based silver fluoride (AgF) (n = 5), and deionised water (W) (n = 5) as the control group. The teeth were sectioned, embedded, and received SEM-EDS line scans. The line scan had a total length of 82.65 μm. The visible end of the infected dentine and the start of the more affected dentine were chosen as the starting point to ensure that the infected caries' line distribution towards the affected dentine's transition area was as standardized as possible. Therefore, the infected dentine length of the scan was 22.80 μm (8 scan points of 2.85 μm apart), and the affected dentine, including the healthy dentine, was 59.8 μm (21 scan points). The SEM-EDS line scan from each specimen determined the average fluoride, iodide, and silver weight percentage for that specimen.ResultsThe 15 sample SEM-EDS line scans were used to determine the average ion movement in wt%. The Kruskall–Wallis test and Tukey's HSD test were completed at a p < 0.05. SDF and AgF presented no significant fluoride movement in terms of the weight percentage. There was, however, significantly more fluoride movement from infected caries to the healthy dentine with SDF and AgF (p = 0.0010053) compared to the control specimens treated with deionised water. There was no significant difference between SDF and AgF for the movement of the iodide (p = 0.5953) and silver (p = 0.3708) from infected caries to the healthy dentine.ConclusionSDF and AgF easily penetrated through infected caries and affected tooth structure to the healthy dentine for the line scan of 82.65 μm. There was no significant difference between SDF and AgF for the movement of ions within the infected dentine nor in the affected/healthy dentine.

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Penetration of SDF and AgF from the infected dentine towards the unaffected tooth structure

Mulder,

Potgieter,

Noordien

2023

Front. Oral. Health

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Chemical kinetics of silver diammine fluoride in demineralization and remineralization solutions—an in vitro study

Kaur,

Anderson,

Shahid

et al. 2024

Front. Oral. Health

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IntroductionSilver Diammine Fluoride (SDF) is a clinical minimal intervention to manage dentin caries. Its chemistry in demineralization conditions has been investigated widely, but far less in remineralization conditions. The aim was to investigate and compare the chemical reactions when SDF is added to remineralization and demineralization solutions.Methods0.01 ml SDF (Riva Star) was added to deionized water (DW); demineralization (DS = pH4) and remineralization (RS = pH7.0) solutions. The time sequence of concentrations of NH4+, F−, and Ag+ were measured using ion selective electrodes (ISEs) every 2 min. The pH was also measured. Precipitates were characterized using x-ray Diffraction (XRD) and, 31P and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR).ResultsThe concentrations of NH4+ and Ag+ showed decreasing trends in DW (−0.12 and −0.08 mM/h respectively), and in DS (−1.06 and −0.5 mM/h respectively); with corresponding increase in F− concentration (0.04 and 0.7 mM/h respectively). However, in RS, NH4+ concentration showed little change (0.001 mM/h), and Ag+ and F− concentrations were negligible. XRD results showed that precipitates (in RS only) contained AgCl, and metallic Ag. NMR showed that fluorapatite/carbonated fluorapatite (FAP/CFAP) were formed. The pH increased after SDF addition in all three solutions.DiscussionSDF dissolved to release NH4+, F− and Ag + . In DW and DS, NH4+ combined with Ag+ to form diamminesilver, causing an increase of F− and pH. In RS, F− reacted with Ca2+ and (PO)43− to form FAP/CFAP, and Ag+ reacted with Cl− to form AgCl/Ag. These suggests why SDF is effective in managing dentin caries.

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Evaluation of the remineralizing capacity of silver diamine fluoride on demineralized dentin under pH-cycling conditions

Cited by 2 publications

References 48 publications

Penetration of SDF and AgF from the infected dentine towards the unaffected tooth structure

Penetration of SDF and AgF from the infected dentine towards the unaffected tooth structure

Chemical kinetics of silver diammine fluoride in demineralization and remineralization solutions—an in vitro study

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