Formulations of desensitizing toothpastes for dentin hypersensitivity: a scoping review

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to review evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to describe: 1) the active ingredients and desensitizing toothpaste brands; 2) the evaluation of these active ingredients over time, and 3) the fluoride and abrasive content in the formulations designed to treat dentin hypersensitivity (DH). Methodology: In total, 138 RCTs and their tested toothpastes were included. Searches were updated up to August 19, 2021. Formulations, reported brands, active ingredients over time, and type of fluoride (ionizable or ionic fluoride) and abrasive (calcium or silica-based) were analyzed (PROSPERO #CRD42018086815). Results: Our trials assessed 368 toothpaste formulations, including 34 placebo (9%), 98 control toothpastes with fluoride (27%), and 236 (64%) with active ingredients to treat DH. We tested the following active ingredients: potassium compounds (n=68, 19%), calcium sodium phosphosilicate (CSP) (n=37, 10%), strontium compounds (n=28, 8%), arginine (n=29, 8%), stannous fluoride (SnF2) (n=21, 6%), hydroxyapatite (n=9, 2%), potassium combined with another active ingredient (n=19, 5%), inorganic salt compounds (n=11, 3%), citrate (n=5, 1%), formaldehyde (n=3, 1%), herbal (n=4, 1%), copolymer (n=1, 0.5%), and trichlorophosphate (TCP) (n=1, 0.5%). The number of toothpaste formulations increased since 1968, with the greatest increment after 2010. Most toothpastes described their type of fluoride as sodium monofluorphosphate (MFP) (n=105, 29%) and NaF (n=82, 22%), with silica-based (n=84, 23%) and calcium-based (n=64, 17%) abrasives. Conclusion: Patients and dentists enjoy an increasing number of brands and active ingredients to decide what desensitizing toothpaste to use. The most common types of fluoride are MFP and NaF.

Remineralization of Artificially Demineralized Human Enamel and Dentin Samples by Zinc-Carbonate Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystals

“…The resemblance of synthetic hydroxyapatite to natural enamel and dentine highlights its bioactive and non-toxic properties. Both micro- and nano-size hydroxyapatite are already used in oral care products, such as mouth rinses and toothpastes, with promising results on remineralization, biofilm management, caries prevention, dentine hypersensitivity, and teeth whitening [ 15 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

The Effectiveness of Calcium Phosphates in the Treatment of Dentinal Hypersensitivity: A Systematic Review

“…Hydroxyapatite is already used as a DH desensitizer [ 27 ]. Other molecules similar to HA, such as synthetic nano-Hydroxyapatite (n-HA) or soluble molecules able to self-set to a hard mass under HA form, such as Tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) [ 28 ], have already been tested in clinical conditions in the treatment of DH.…”

Investigate the constituents of commercially available toothpastes

“…According to a 53-year meta-analysis, potassium and strontium salts were used in toothpastes to treat dentin sensitivity in the early years. After the 2000s, it was revealed that arginine, calcium sodium phosphosilicate (Novamin), and stannous uoride were utilized (Carolina Castro Martins et al 2022). In our study, we observed that arginine was the most common ingredient (n=19; 11%) among the toothpastes, with a low ratio of calcium sodium phosphosilicate (n=3; 1.8% In contrast to all of these, it has been determined that SLSlike agents are effective in suppressing COVID-19 infection via working to block ACE2 and TMPRSS2, which are the pathways that allow the virus to enter the cell.…”

“…The dentinal tubules are then protected by an amorphous Ca-P mineral layer that inhibits dentin hypersensitivity, similar to hydroxyapatite(Burwell et al 2009). When compared to arginine, novamin is more effective in relieving air discomfort, tactile pain, and is only somewhat effective at treating cold pain (Carolina CastroMartins et al 2022). Furthermore, when used with whitening toothpastes, novamin has been proven to boost whitening effectiveness(Kakodkar et al 2013).…”

“…). Arginine reduces sensitivity by constructing a protective glycoprotein molecule with calcium and phosphate in the dentinal tubule(Arantes et al 2019;Shiau 2012), it also protects against air stimulation (Carolina CastroMartins et al 2022). In a previous study, it is ineffective against cold and tactile stimulation (C. C Martins et al 2020)…”