Mechanical and optical properties of conventional restorative glass-ionomer cements - a systematic review

Abstract

Objectives To perform a systematic review of test methodologies on conventional restorative glass-ionomer cement (GIC) materials for mechanical and optical properties to compare the results between different GICs. Material and Methods Screening of titles and abstracts, data extraction, and quality assessments of full-texts were conducted in search for in vitro studies on conventional GICs that follow the relevant specifications of ISO standards regarding the following mechanical and optical properties: compressive strength, flexural strength, color, opacity and radiopacity. Sources The Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS), Brazilian Bibliography of Dentistry (BBO) databases from Latin-American and Caribbean System on Health Sciences Information (BIREME) and PubMed/Medline (US National Library of Medicine - National Institutes of Health) databases were searched regardless of language. Altogether, 1146 in vitro studies were selected. Two reviewers independently selected and assessed the articles according to pre-established inclusion/exclusion criteria. Among all the properties investigated, only one study was classified as being of fair quality that tested compressive strength and was included. It was observed that many authors had not strictly followed ISO recommendations and that, for some properties (diametral tensile strength and microhardness), there are no guidelines provided. Conclusions It was not possible to compare the results for the mechanical and optical properties of conventional restorative GICs due to the lack of standardization of studies.

Acid Resistance of Glass Ionomer Cement Restorative Materials

“…Many elderly patients have an adverse, highly acidic oral environment, which could be due to salivary gland side effects of prescribed or over-the-counter medicines, systemic disease (particularly diabetes mellitus and subclinical dehydration), or various forms of gastric reflux [ 1 , 2 ]. GIC restorations can act as a biomimetic dentine replacement, having similar thermal expansion properties to natural tooth structures, or as a bulk restorative for use in sites with low compressive loads [ 3 ]. Their common applications are for restoring carious lesions located on root surfaces, or interdentally (using the sandwich technique, where they are overlaid with a resin composite material).…”

Correlation between mechanical properties and stabilization time of chemical bonds in glass-ionomer cements

“…Unfortunately, no study in the literature followed exactly the ISO requirements, preventing any chance of comparison among outcomes. 17 The DTS and KH values have been accepted for clinical application for most GICs tested in this study; the FS results point to a need for enhancement of some conventional GICs. The GICs with highest FS values were GL2, EF, GL9 and IS.…”

“…16 Many studies test and compare the CS among different conventional GICs, however it is impossible to compare them due to differences in the methodological approaches of most studies reported. 17 The ISO is responsible for developing and publishing international standards in order to ensure quality, safety and efficiency of products, services and systems around the globe. 18 However, most researchers do not completely follow these specifications, altering some features such as the specimen's dimensions, storage and testing time.…”

“…18 However, most researchers do not completely follow these specifications, altering some features such as the specimen's dimensions, storage and testing time. Previous authors have evaluated mechanical properties of GICs but only one of them used the standardized testing protocols established by ISO exactly to test CS, making it harder to compare results of different studies 17 . In addition, operator variables may affect the results, such as in cement manipulation and temperature control.…”

Color Stability of Glass Ionomer Cement after Reinforced with Two Different Nanoparticles

“…However, the color stability offered by these reinforced glass ionomer cements may not, in their current form, be adequate for their use as anterior esthetic restorations. International Journal of Dentistry e relationship between the nature of the reinforcing particle, the powder liquid ratio, and solubility of the glass ionomer cement has been extensively documented in the literature [2,3,6,21]. One of the suggested advantages of using nanoparticles is that, given their low size, it is possible to maintain suggested powder liquid ratios and still achieve a sustainable aluminofluorosilicate gel matrix [6].…”