Biochemical responses, blood gas, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation of goats transfused with fresh or stored whole homologous blood

Abstract

Blood transfusion is a therapeutic procedure of great importance for veterinary medicine, in spite of only few studies in the literature on hemotherapy in goats. We aimed to evaluate the biochemical, blood gas, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation of goats submitted to homologous transfusion of fresh whole blood or stored for 15 and 35 days. Eighteen adult male goats were submitted to a single phlebotomy to remove 30% of the blood volume, and we transfused 20mL/kg of whole blood stored in CPDA-1 bags according to the experimental group, being: G0 composed goats who received fresh blood, G15 and G35 goats that received blood stored for 15 and 35 days, respectively. For the biochemical evaluation, blood gas, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, blood samples were collected at the following moments: before the induction of anemia (TC0); 6 hours after phlebotomy and before transfusion (TC1); 1, 6, 12, 24 and 96 hours after transfusion (T1, T6, T12, T24 and T96 respectively); 8, 16 and 32 days after transfusion (T8d, T16d and T32d respectively). Before transfusion, blood samples were also withdrawn from the bags for the same analyzes. Statistical analyzes were performed in the statistical program GRAPHPAD PRISM 5.0, adopting a significance level of 5%. The bags of blood stored for 15 and 35 days showed more biochemical changes, blood gas, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation than fresh blood bags. As for the biochemical analysis, after the transfusion was observed an increase of the total protein, albumin, glucose and creatine kinase in the 3 groups, and elevation of total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and urea in G15 and G35. The changes observed in the blood gas analysis had no clinical significance, as they were within the reference values for the species. The goats that received stored blood showed disorder in their antioxidant system through alteration of the SOD activity. In the analysis of lipid peroxidation no difference between the groups for the concentration of malondialdehyde was found. Thus, it can be concluded that transfusion of whole fresh stored blood in goats did not compromise the blood gases, lipid peroxidation and liver and renal functions of the transfused animals. In addition, the method was proved to be efficient to restore, among other components, the total protein and albumin. The transfusion, as performed in this study, proved to be safe for used in the clinical practice of goats.

Hematological, biochemical, and blood gas alterations of goat whole blood stored in CPDA-1 and CPD/SAG-M plastic bags

“…Although, some studies on blood conservation in domestic animals have been performed in cattle (RIBEIRO FILHO et al, 1994), dogs (COSTA JÚNIOR et al, 2008), horses (MUDGE et al, 2004;NIINISTO;RAEKALLIO;SANKARI, 2008), sheep (SOUSA et al, 2013 and buffalo (NUNES NETO et al, 2018), blood conservation in goats has only been evaluated empirically in veterinary medicine. A study evaluating blood transfusion in goats showed no difference in lipid peroxidation, liver function, and renal function, regardless of whether fresh or stored whole blood was used for transfusion (FONSECA et al, 2018).…”

Impact of blood storage duration on hematologic, blood gas, biochemical, and oxidative stress variables in sheep undergoing allogeneic blood transfusions

“…The removal of 40% blood volume decreased PCVs (27%‐35%), RBCs (9‐15 × 10 6 /µL), and total hemoglobin concentrations (9‐15 g/dL) to values below those considered normal for this species, 20 as presented elsewhere 6 …”

“…Furthermore, most research to date has focused primarily on red blood cell preservation to improve viability during storage and prolong the lifespan of RBCs 9,17‐19 . Little attention has been given to the relationship between storage times and effects and recipient responses after transfusion 1,20 …”

Biochemical and blood gas alterations in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) whole blood stored in CPDA‐1 and CPD/SAG‐M bags

“…The increase in pO 2 also can be explained by the lower consumption of O 2 by leukocytes at the lower storage temperature 16 and due to the low temperature inside the blood bags, which would allow for a greater dissolution of O 2 16 . The values of pO 2 may have limited clinical importance because prior to blood transfusion the bags are warmed to room temperature, changing the values of pO 2 in the transfused blood 6 . The increase in pCO 2 of the stored blood was most likely due to the neutralization of lactic acid produced by cellular metabolism, resulting in the production of CO 2 13 .…”

“…These animals are subject to blood loss due to surgical procedures, severe tick infestation, 2 and hemolytic diseases that can result in hypovolemia, cardiovascular collapse, shock, and death 3,4 . Appropriate clinical intervention is whole blood transfusion or transfusion of hemocomponents 5–7 . Previous studies have related success using human plastic blood bags for blood preservation of cows 8 and sheep 9 .…”