A 3D printed model for radius curvus surgical treatment planning in a dog

Abstract

An 8 month-old, 10 kg male Azawakh dog was presented due to worsening forelimb gait and exercise intolerance. The right forelimb presented gross angular limb deformity with carpal valgus and radial procurvatum. Surgical planning based on radiographs allowed calculation of the centers of rotation and angularity (CORAs). The computer tomography data were used to generate 3D reconstructions of the antebrachium to aid the detection of the orthopaedic problems. With proper imaging software, the nature of the deformity and its degree were quantified using a previously unreported method based on the CORAs as a 3D printed model of anatomical area of interest. This 3D printed model was used by the surgeon to simulate the surgery with all orthopaedic steps, which included a partial ulna osteotomy and a double cuneiform osteotomy of the radius performed at the level of CORAs and stabilized with bone plates and screws. After 7 weeks, radiographs revealed bone union. At 8 months after surgery the animal presented a complete recovery of the involved forelimb. CORAs method combined with computed tomography and 3D model was useful to plan and simulate surgical procedures, including the corrective surgery of forelimb deformities in a dog which improved the surgical efficiency comparatively to the conventional pre-operative study.

Photogrammetry and 3D prototyping: A low-cost resource for training in veterinary orthopedics

“…reducing the time to surgery and thus facilitating operative planning by simulating the structures to be addressed (FREDIEU et al, 2015;SINGHAL et al, 2016). Alternative methodologies to animal studies are a necessity within the scientific community, with the 3Rs program (reduce, recycle and reuse), a goal to be achieved in research, and met through the use of biomodels (FREDIEU et al, 2015;SINGHAL et al, 2016;BORDELO et al, 2018).…”

“…Bio-models are valuable for enabling a full-scale prototype to be created and handled, as performed in this study; different orthopedic techniques, including diaphyseal and metaphyseal osteotomies of the femur and hip bones and the performance of respective osteosynthesis through the application of plates and screws, can be exercised with realistic models that create a level of difficulty of execution analogous to that with biological models, and the surgical alignment accuracy and final aesthetic quality can be evaluated by radiographic images (SILVA & GAMARRAZADO, 2014;BORDELO, 2018).…”

“…Rapid prototyping (RP) is a technology that has been recently developed and enables one to quickly and accurately prototype a mold from a virtual model generated in a computer-aided design program, enabling the direct transformation of projects into end products for various uses (BORDELO, 2018;SEARS et al, 2016).…”

“…The 3D modeling software programs use computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging or photogrammetry imaging data to construct a facsimile structure (FREDIEU, 2015;BORDELO et al, 2018). Photogrammetry is a low-cost technology that is used to render 3D models from a set of images of a 360º view of the same object for RP (FAU et al, 2016).…”

3D printing as a diagnostic tool for congenital malformation in a brachycephalic dog

“…CLINIC ANd SURGERy the areas of neurology, traumatology, oncology, infectious processes and congenital abnormalities, enabling the definition of the best treatment protocol to be established (BORdELO et al, 2018), as well as the correlation of morphological changes with the clinical situation of each patient (BORdELO, 2018), in addition to providing the spatial dimensioning of the area of interest. Because they are noninvasive techniques, they provide exploration of different tissues, contributing to the quality of the diagnosis without harming the animal (LORIGAdOS; PINTO, 2013).…”