Dependencia térmica de la salamandra endémica de Colombia Bolitoglossa ramosi (Caudata, Plethodontidae)

Cruz, Erika; Galindo, Carlos; Bernal, Manuel Hernando

doi:10.1590/1678-4766e2016018

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Nevertheless, our results challenge this general assumption and provide support for previous studies which related specific environmental conditions with high abundance and density of Andean salamander populations (Houck, 1977;Jimenez, 1994;Salgado-Aráuz, 2005;Cadenas et al, 2009;Ortega, Monares-Riaño & Ramírez-Pinilla, 2009;Gutiérrez-Lamus, Lynch & Martínez-Villate, 2011;Neckel-Oliveira et al, 2011;Del Río-García, Serrano-Cardozo & Ramírez-Pinilla, 2014;Cruz, Galindo & Bernal, 2016). Bolitoglossa pandi follows the common pattern observed in upland tropical salamanders, having a narrow elevational range (1,650-2,315 m. a.s.l), in which elevation, leaf litter depth (>6 cm), vegetation layers (>5 vegetation strata), and environmental mean temperature (16-19 • C) were the main predictor variables for their presence, abundance and population density (Wake & Lynch, 1976;Gutiérrez-Lamus, Lynch & Martínez-Villate, 2011;Cruz, Galindo & Bernal, 2016;Donaire et al, 2019). Likewise, observed patterns of habitat use by B. pandi agree with those previously reported by Del Río-García, Serrano-Cardozo & Ramírez-Pinilla (2014) in which the salamanders exhibiting both arboreal and terrestrial habits, perching on the upper side of leaves (at heights between 2.5 and 250 cm above the forest floor), showing a positive correlation between perch height, SVL and mass.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Neotropical salamanders have been considered amphibians with secretive habits and low encounter rates into the Andean Forest ( Brame & Wake, 1963 ; Gibbons, 2013 ; Barrio-Amorós & Fuentes-Ramos, 1999 ; Acosta-Galvis & Gutiérrez-Lamus, 2012 ). Nevertheless, our results challenge this general assumption and provide support for previous studies which related specific environmental conditions with high abundance and density of Andean salamander populations ( Houck, 1977 ; Jimenez, 1994 ; Salgado-Aráuz, 2005 ; Cadenas et al, 2009 ; Ortega, Monares-Riaño & Ramírez-Pinilla, 2009 ; Gutiérrez-Lamus, Lynch & Martínez-Villate, 2011 ; Neckel-Oliveira et al, 2011 ; Del Río-García, Serrano-Cardozo & Ramírez-Pinilla, 2014 ; Cruz, Galindo & Bernal, 2016 ). Bolitoglossa pandi follows the common pattern observed in upland tropical salamanders, having a narrow elevational range (1,650–2,315 m. a.s.l), in which elevation, leaf litter depth (>6 cm), vegetation layers (>5 vegetation strata), and environmental mean temperature (16–19 °C) were the main predictor variables for their presence, abundance and population density ( Wake & Lynch, 1976 ; Gutiérrez-Lamus, Lynch & Martínez-Villate, 2011 ; Cruz, Galindo & Bernal, 2016 ; Donaire et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The ecology and life history of South American Bolitoglossa salamanders are poorly understood compared to their Central and North American congeners; less than 12% of South American Bolitoglossa species have been investigated with published information on their diet, reproduction, foraging activities, thermal ecology, demography, ecological interactions, microhabitat use, or habitat preferences (Houck, 1977;Jimenez, 1994;Bruce, 1997;Salgado-Aráuz, 2005;Anderson & Mathis, 2006;Cadenas et al, 2009;Ortega, Monares-Riaño & Ramírez-Pinilla, 2009;Neckel-Oliveira et al, 2011;Del Río-García, Serrano-Cardozo & Ramírez-Pinilla, 2014;Cruz, Galindo & Bernal, 2016). Given this dearth of information, the conservation status of many of these species is Data Deficient (DD) or has been based on limited information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution, habitat suitability, conservation state and natural history of endangered salamanderBolitoglossa pandi

Angarita–Sierra

Bonilla-Gómez

Sánchez

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Background Pandi’s mushroom-tongue salamander (Bolitoglossa pandi) is one of the threatened amphibians in South America, as well as a flagship species for the Colombian conservation agenda. This species is endemic to the Andean cloud forests of the western slope of the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia, occurring only in the department of Cundinamarca within a narrow elevational range. At night, B. pandi can be seen perching on the upper side of leaves at heights ranging from ground level to 2.5 m. During the day, it can be found under leaf litter or cover objects. Few studies have provided relevant information that can help the Colombian government to formulate lines of action for the conservation of this species; consequently, its threat assessments so far have been based on very limited information. Methods We conducted surveys for salamanders in four municipalities of Cundinamarca, Colombia, using two approaches: visual encounter surveys (Guaduas and Villeta) and the basic sampling protocol for single-species occupancy modeling (Supatá and Venecia). Multivariate analyses were employed to explore the correlation between habitat structure and natural history traits, abundance, and detection/non-detection of B. pandi. We evaluated the B. pandi activity pattern through kernel density curves for each sampling occasion and explored the variability of salamander abundance during their activity period by performing a nested ANOVA. Results We report the discovery of two new populations of B. pandi, which represent the most northwestern records known. A significant correlation between body length, body mass, and habitat structure was observed. Multivariate analyses indicated that leaf litter depth, mean temperature, percent vegetation cover, and altitude were the habitat variables that together explained 60.3% of the B. pandi abundance variability, as well as the main determinants of its optimal habitat. Bolitoglossa pandi exhibits an activity pattern characterized by two main activity peaks, in which niche time-partitioning was observed. Across the surveyed area, we found a healthy, stable, highly dense population of B. pandi (>1,300 individuals), with seasonal variability between development stages. Discussion Given the high habitat specificity of B. pandi, the species is highly vulnerable to local changes. Thus, we recommend that B. pandi be retained as Endangered (EN) on the IUCN Red List, based on the IUCN Criterion B, given its restricted extent of occurrence (ca. 2,500 km2) and the ongoing threats from agriculture, cattle ranching, logging, and urban development, which continue to reduce its suitable habitat.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Distribution, habitat suitability, conservation state and natural history of endangered salamanderBolitoglossa pandi

Angarita–Sierra

Bonilla-Gómez

Sánchez

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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show abstract

“…Nevertheless, our results challenge this general assumption and provide support for previous studies which related specific environmental conditions with high abundance and density of Andean salamander populations (Houck, 1977;Jimenez, 1994;Salgado-Aráuz, 2005;Cadenas et al, 2009;Ortega, Monares-Riaño & Ramírez-Pinilla, 2009;Gutiérrez-Lamus, Lynch & Martínez-Villate, 2011;Neckel-Oliveira et al, 2011;del Río-Gracía, Serrano-Cardozo & Ramírez-Pinilla, 2014;Cruz, Galindo & Bernal, 2016). Bolitoglossa pandi follows the common pattern observed in upland tropical salamanders, having a narrow elevational range (1700-2270 m. a.s.l), in which elevation, leaf litter depth (> 6 cm), vegetation layers (> 5 vegetation strata), and environmental mean temperature (16-19 °C) were the main predictor variables for their presence, abundance and population density (Wake & Lynch, 1976;Gutiérrez-Lamus, Lynch & Martínez-Villate, 2011;Cruz, Galindo & Bernal, 2016;Donaire et al, 2019). Likewise, observed patterns of habitat use by B. pandi agree with those previously reported by del Río-García, Serrano-Cardozo & Ramírez-Pinilla(2014) in which the salamanders exhibiting both arboreal and terrestrial habits, perching on the upper side of leaves (at heights between 2.5 and 250 cm above the forest floor), showing a positive correlation between perch height, SVL and mass.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The ecology and life history of South American Bolitoglossa salamanders are poorly understood compared to their Central and North American congeners; less than 12% of South American Bolitoglossa species have been investigated with published information on their diet, reproduction, foraging activities, thermal ecology, demography, ecological interactions, microhabitat use, or habitat preferences (Houck, 1977;Jimenez, 1994;Bruce, 1997;Salgado-Aráuz, 2005;Anderson & Mathis, 2006;Cadenas et al, 2009;Ortega, Monares-Riaño & RamÍrez-Pinilla, 2009;Neckel-Oliveira et al, 2011;del Río-Gracía, Serrano-Cardozo & Ramírez-Pinilla, 2014;Cruz, Galindo & Bernal, 2016). Given this dearth of information, the conservation status of many of these species is Data Deficient (DD) or has been based on limited information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #2 of "Distribution, habitat suitability, conservation state and natural history of endangered salamander Bolitoglossa pandi (v0.2)"

Hernández¹

2020

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Background. Pandi's mushroom-tongue salamander (Bolitoglossa pandi) is one of the threatened amphibians in South America, as well as a flagship species for the Colombian conservation agenda. This species is endemic to the Andean cloud forests of the western slope of the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia, occurring only in the department of Cundinamarca within a narrow elevational range. At night, B. pandi can be seen perching on the upper side of leaves at heights ranging from ground level to 2.5 m. During the day, it can be found under leaf litter or cover objects. Few studies have provided relevant information that can help the Colombian government to formulate lines of action for the conservation of this species; consequently, its threat assessments so far have been based on very limited information. Methods. We conducted surveys for salamanders in four municipalities of Cundinamarca, Colombia, using two approaches: visual encounter surveys (Guaduas and Villeta) and the basic sampling protocol for single-species occupancy modeling (Supatá and Venecia). Multivariate analyses were employed to explore the correlation between habitat structure and natural history traits, abundance, and detection / non-detection of B. pandi. We evaluated the B. pandi activity pattern through kernel density curves for each sampling occasion and explored the variability of salamander abundance during their activity period by performing a nested ANOVA. Results. We report the discovery of two new populations of B. pandi, which represent the most northwestern records known. A significant correlation between body length, body mass, and habitat structure was observed. Multivariate analyses indicated that leaf litter depth, mean temperature, percent vegetation cover, and altitude were the habitat variables that together explained 60.3% of the B. pandi abundance variability, as well as the main determinants of its optimal habitat. Bolitoglossa pandi exhibits an activity pattern characterized by two main activity peaks, in which niche time-partitioning was observed. Across the surveyed area, we found a healthy, stable, highly dense population of B. pandi (>1300 individuals), with seasonal variability between development stages. Discussion. Given the high habitat specificity of B. pandi, the species is highly vulnerable to local changes. Thus, we recommend that B. pandi be retained as Endangered (EN) on the IUCN Red List, based

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Effect of hydration state on locomotor performance and water searching behavior of the terrestrial lungless salamander Bolitoglossa ramosi

Galindo,

Gutiérrez,

Calvache

et al. 2023

Journal of Zoology

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Bolitoglossa ramosi is a terrestrial plethodontid salamander particularly active during cloudy nights with high relative humidity in the environment. In this work, we tested the hypotheses that: (1) the hydration state of B. ramosi directly affects its locomotor performance; (2) dehydrated salamanders spend less time to find a water source than hydrated salamanders and (3) dehydrated salamanders find a water source in fewer attempts than hydrated individuals. To evaluate these hypotheses, salamanders at different levels of body hydration were used for an experiment of maximum locomotor performance, and a behavioral assessment test for searching a water source that was randomly located in one of the eight arms of a labyrinth. We found that salamanders hydrated at 95% had a greater locomotor performance (speed) than those hydrated at 85% and 75%. On the other hand, salamanders hydrated at 75% found the water source faster than those hydrated at 95%, although there was not a significant difference between these two groups of salamanders tested in the number of arms visited to find the water source. According to our results, we propose that dehydration in salamanders could be a causal factor for the inactivity of these animals during low levels of environmental humidity, and can also motivate a faster response to find a water source. In addition, we postulate that B. ramosi seems to use a random searching behavior to locate a water source as both hydrated and dehydrated salamanders find it after several attempts.

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Dependencia térmica de la salamandra endémica de Colombia Bolitoglossa ramosi (Caudata, Plethodontidae)

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

Distribution, habitat suitability, conservation state and natural history of endangered salamanderBolitoglossa pandi

Distribution, habitat suitability, conservation state and natural history of endangered salamanderBolitoglossa pandi

Peer Review #2 of "Distribution, habitat suitability, conservation state and natural history of endangered salamander Bolitoglossa pandi (v0.2)"

Effect of hydration state on locomotor performance and water searching behavior of the terrestrial lungless salamander Bolitoglossa ramosi

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