The rearranged mitochondrial genome of Leptopilina boulardi (Hymenoptera: Figitidae), a parasitoid wasp of Drosophila

Abstract

The partial mitochondrial genome sequence of Leptopilina boulardi (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) was characterized. Illumina sequencing was used yielding 35,999,679 reads, from which 102,482 were utilized in the assembly. The length of the sequenced region of this partial mitochondrial genome is 15,417 bp, consisting of 13 protein-coding, two rRNA, and 21tRNA genes (the trnaM failed to be sequenced) and a partial A+T-rich region. All protein-coding genes start with ATN codons. Eleven protein-coding genes presented TAA stop codons, whereas ND6 and COII that presented TA, and T nucleotides, respectively. The gene pattern revealed extensive rearrangements compared to the typical pattern generally observed in insects. These rearrangements involve two protein-coding and two ribosomal genes, along with the 16 tRNA genes. This gene order is different from the pattern described for Ibalia leucospoides (Ibaliidae, Cynipoidea), suggesting that this particular gene order can be variable among Cynipoidea superfamily members. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis of the main groups of Apocrita was performed using amino acid sequence of 13 protein-coding genes, showing monophyly for the Cynipoidea superfamily within the Hymenoptera phylogeny.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Leptopilina syphax (Hymenoptera: Figitidae)

“…The gene order in the L. syphax mitochondrial genome is very similar with another Leptopilina species, L. boulardi (Oliveira et al. 2016 ). The overall base composition is 41.7% for A, 6.0% for G, 13.6% for C, and 38.7% for T, with an A + T content of 80.4%.…”

“…Further analysis revealed that 26 genes are encoded on the majority strand, while the remaining 11 genes are encoded on the minority strand. The gene order in the L. syphax mitochondrial genome is very similar with another Leptopilina species, L. boulardi (Oliveira et al 2016). The overall base composition is 41.7% for A, 6.0% for G, 13.6% for C, and 38.7% for T, with an A þ T content of 80.4%.…”

Long-read genome sequence and assembly ofLeptopilina boulardi: a specialistDrosophilaparasitoid

“…The cytogenetic and karyotypic analysis has revealed interesting features about the genome size and chromosome number of numerous parasitoid species [14]. However, except for the mitochondrial genome of L. boulardi [15], none of the genomes of the members of the estimated 24,000 species [16] in the Figitidae family has been sequenced, greatly limiting the scope of the field. Here, we provide the first complete reference genome of L. boulardi , a Figitid parasitoid, for a better understanding of this emerging model system.…”

The complete mitochondrial genome of Trichopria drosophilae (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae)

“…We perfomed a phylogenetic analysis of T. drosophilae with some other parasitoids from the above four families (Oliveira et al. 2008 , 2016 ; Li et al. 2016 ; Tang et al.…”

“…Approximately 50 hymenopterous parasitoid species have been reported attacking various drosophilid species worldwide, the majority of which are larval parasitoids in the families Braconidae and Figitidae and pupal parasitoids in the families Diapriidae and Pteromalidae (Fleury et al 2009;Cancino et al 2015;Miller et al 2015). We perfomed a phylogenetic analysis of T. drosophilae with some other parasitoids from the above four families (Oliveira et al 2008(Oliveira et al , 2016Li et al 2016;Tang et al 2019;Zhang et al 2020). The sequences were aligned by using MAFFT v7.271, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed by CIPRES (https://www.phylo.org/) using RAxML-HPC2 on XSEDE with bootstrap 1000 and MrBayes on XSEDE (Figure 1).…”