Assessment of genetic diversity in Brazilian barley using SSR markers

Abstract

Barley is a major cereal grown widely and used in several food products, beverage production and animal fodder. Genetic diversity is a key component in breeding programs. We have analyzed the genetic diversity of barley accessions using microsatellite markers. The accessions were composed of wild and domesticated barley representing genotypes from six countries and three breeding programs in Brazil. A total of 280 alleles were detected, 36 unique to Brazilian barley. The marker Bmag120 showed the greatest polymorphism information content (PIC), with the highest mean value found on chromosome three, and the lowest on chromosomes four and six. The wild accessions presented the highest diversity followed by the foreign genotypes. Genetic analysis was performed using Principal Coordinates Analysis, UPGMA clustering, and Bayesian clustering analysis implemented in Structure. All results obtained by the different methods were similar. Loss of genetic diversity has occurred in Brazilian genotypes. The number of alleles detected in genotypes released in 1980s was higher, whereas most of the cultivars released thereafter showed lower PIC and clustered in separate subgroups from the older cultivars. The use of a more diverse panel of genotypes should be considered in order to exploit novel alleles in Brazilian barley breeding programs.

Comparison of projection of distance techniques for genetic diversity studies

“…The principal coordinate analysis has been widely used to represent genetic diversity in breeding programs in species such as maize (Van Inghelandt et al, 2010), sweet sorghum (Murray, Rooney, Hamblin, Mitchell, & Kresovich, 2009), rice (Choudhury et al, 2014;Roy et al, 2015), sweet potato (Su et al, 2017), and barley (Ferreira et al, 2016), among others. In all these works, associations among genotypes were revealed with the principal coordinate analysis.…”

“…Representation in plane, in a smaller number of dimensions, proves to be helpful for the identification of related genotypic groups (Cruz et al, 2011). Several studies used principal coordinates to demonstrate the divergence between genotypes using molecular data (Aitken et al, 2018;El-Esawi et al, 2018;Guzmán, Segura, Aradhya, & Potter, 2018;Taglioti et al, 2018;Wu et al, 2018;Ferreira et al, 2016;Zaher et al, 2011;Van Inghelandt, Melchinger, Lebreton, & Stich, 2010). Other studies were based on principal component analyses (Muller et al, 2018;Valcárcel, Peiró, Pérez-de-Castro, & Díez, 2018;Osawaru, Ogwu, & Dania-Ogbe, 2013;Santi et al, 2012;Jombart, Devillard, & Balloux, 2010).…”

Comparative Analysis of Agro-Morphological and Molecular Variations in Huskless Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under Central Agro-Climatic Zone of India

“…Several studies were conducted in world to evaluate the genetic relationships among different barley genotypes using molecular markers (Hou et al, 2005;Ferreira et al, 2016). Pejic et al, (1998) reported that the information of polymorphism would be sufficient if more than 70 alleles were detected.…”

Phenetic and Phylogenetic Relationships of Egyptian Hordeum vulgare L. Using Agro-morphological Criteria, Molecular Marker and Genes Expression

“…Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) considered a superior marker for assessment of genetic diversity, genetic relationship and phylogenetic development because this marker had high level of polymorphism, codominant inheritance, highly reproducibility, locus specificity and random distribution on the genome (Russell et al, 1997a). SSRs technique is powerful tool for genetic studies in barely breeding (Mohamed and Adel, 2012; Nandha and Singh, 2014 and Ferreira et al, 2016).…”