Mineral element and heavy metal (cadmium, lead and arsenic) levels of bee pollen in Turkey

Altunatmaz, Sema Sandıkçı; Tarhan, Duygu; Aksu, Filiz; Barutçu, Ümit Bora; Or, Mehmet Erman

doi:10.1590/1678-457x.36016

Cited by 52 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Such content is in line with those reported already for Romanian pollen [ 59 ]. We determined a total silicon content of 4.47 ± 0.78 mg/g d.w., on the same level as the reported values for pollen from the same geographic region—Eastern Europe/Asia Minor [ 60 , 61 ]. The biosilica from pollen wall was solubilized during Kombucha fermentation.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 59%

Bee Collected Pollen with Enhanced Health Benefits, Produced by Fermentation with a Kombucha Consortium

et al. 2018

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The bioavailability of pollen bioactive compounds for humans is limited. In this study, our aim was to enhance the health-related benefits of pollen by fermentation with a Kombucha/SCOBY (symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeasts) consortium. We performed the fermentation of pollen suspended from the beginning with SCOBY on sweetened green tea or on Kombucha vinegar, by adding pollen after 20 days of Kombucha fermentation. We analyzed: formation of bioactive compounds (anti-oxidant polyphenols, soluble silicon, hydroxy-acids, short chain fatty acids—SCFA); parameters related to Kombucha fermentation (dynamics of lactic acid bacteria—LAB, formation of organic acids, soluble sugar evolution on Kombucha vinegar); the influence of Kombucha fermentation on pollen morphology and ultrastructure; in vitro cytotoxic and antitumoral effects of the Kombucha fermented pollen. The pollen addition increases LAB proportion in the total number of SCOBY microbial strains. SEM images highlight the adhesion of the SCOBY bacteria to pollen. Ultrastructural analysis reveals the release of the pollen content. The content of bioactive compounds (polyphenols, soluble silicon species and SCFA) is higher in the fermented pollen and the product shows a moderate antitumoral effect on Caco-2 cells. The health benefits of pollen are enhanced by fermentation with a Kombucha consortium.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 59%

Bee Collected Pollen with Enhanced Health Benefits, Produced by Fermentation with a Kombucha Consortium

et al. 2018

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“…However, the sequence going from the greatest to the smallest amount of these mineral elements depends on the stingless bee species as well as the geographical origin ( Popov et al, 2017 ), demonstrating that the minerals in propolis are originated from pollens collected by stingless bees from various flowering plants in the surrounding area of their hives ( Campos et al, 2008 , Dagaroglu, 2004 , De-Melo et al, 2015 ). This notion is also supported by the fact that K, Mg, and Ca were the most metal elements found in bee pollen collected from Turkey ( Altunatmaz et al, 2017 ), Brazil ( Campos et al, 2008 , Morgano et al, 2012 ), Serbia ( Kostic et al, 2015 ), and Chile ( González-Martín et al, 2015 ), although bee pollens were also very rich with respect to P, Fe, and Zn. In contrast, the mineral elements present in stingless bee honey are K, Zn, P, Ca, Na, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, and Mn ( Rao et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Phytochemicals, mineral contents, antioxidants, and antimicrobial activities of propolis produced by Brunei stingless bees Geniotrigona thoracica, Heterotrigona itama, and Tetrigona binghami

Abdullah

Zullkiflee

Zaini

et al. 2020

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

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The present study focused on the evaluation of phytochemical properties, essential mineral elements, and heavy metals contained in raw propolis produced by stingless bees Geniotrigona thoracica , Heterotrigona itama , and Tetrigona binghami found in the same ecological conditions and environment in Brunei Darussalam. The results indicated that propolis of the three stingless bee species mainly consisted of lipids (45.60–47.86%) and very low carbohydrate (0.17–0.48%) and protein contents (0.18–1.18%). The propolis was rich in mineral elements, thus good sources of minerals, while they contained low concentrations of all heavy metals. Propolis of the different bee species could be distinguished based on their mineral compositions. The vibrational and absorption spectra suggested that propolis contains π-conjugated aliphatic and aromatic compounds as well as aromatic acids having amine, ester, carbonyl, alkyl, and hydroxyl functional groups which might be attributed to the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The antioxidant capacity of the propolis, based on radical scavenging activity of their ethanol extract, was in line with their total phenolic content. The ethanol extract of the propolis also showed antimicrobial activities against four bacterial strains ( Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ). The propolis showed slightly higher antibacterial activity against Gram-positive ( B. subtilis and S. aureus ) bacteria, indicating that the antimicrobial active compounds could be associated with flavonoids, which were quantified to be approximately comparable in all the propolis.

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“…Furthermore, it contains fat-soluble vitamins such as provitamin A, vitamin E, and vitamin D as well as water-soluble vitamins such as B1, B2, and C at a level of 0.1% and 0.6%, respectively. The amount of mineral in bee pollen is approximately 1.6% which includes both macro and microelements such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, phosphor and potassium, and iron, zinc, manganese, and selenium, respectively (Komosinska-Vassev et al, 2015;Sandıkçı Altunatmaz et al, 2017). It has been underlined in a study investigating the nutritional composition of bee pollen that it is a good nutritional source for the consumers particularly with numerous antioxidant vitamins and bioactive substances in its content (Sattler et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-vitro bioaccessibility of antioxidant properties of bee pollen in Turkey

et al. 2021

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The study aims to determine certain physicochemical properties (moisture, ash, titratable acidity, pH, and color), total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC, ABTS, DPPH) and bioaccessibility of 20 bee pollen samples (10 unpackaged and 10 trademarked products in their original packages) sold in Turkey. The total phenolic content of the bee pollen samples was detected as 147.10-462.02 mg GAE/g and bioaccessibility ranged from 36.91% to 77.87%. The highest total value for antioxidant capacity was assessed as 83.24-257.27 μmol TE/g by the CUPRAC method. When the bioaccessibility of the antioxidant capacity of bee pollen was compared among the methods, the highest value (95.76%) was obtained for the sample M by the CUPRAC method. Antioxidant capacity and bioaccessibility of the unpackaged bee pollen samples were lower than those of the trademarked products. Based on overall evaluations, it can be deduced that bee pollen known for its potential beneficial effects on health may well be used as a functional food additive in the production of various food products with its high antioxidant and bioaccessibility features.

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Mineral element and heavy metal (cadmium, lead and arsenic) levels of bee pollen in Turkey

Cited by 52 publications

References 13 publications

Bee Collected Pollen with Enhanced Health Benefits, Produced by Fermentation with a Kombucha Consortium

Bee Collected Pollen with Enhanced Health Benefits, Produced by Fermentation with a Kombucha Consortium

Phytochemicals, mineral contents, antioxidants, and antimicrobial activities of propolis produced by Brunei stingless bees Geniotrigona thoracica, Heterotrigona itama, and Tetrigona binghami

In-vitro bioaccessibility of antioxidant properties of bee pollen in Turkey

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