Assessment of human health risk associated with the presence of pesticides in chicken eggs

Abstract

The presence of pesticides in the environment is highly toxic to environment and human health. Aim of the study was determination, quantification and assessment of associated health risk due to presence of pesticide residues in chicken eggs using high pressure liquid chromatography. HPLC method was successfully employed and validated. From collected samples pesticides were extracted in presence of petroleum ether and acetonitrile. Bifenthrin and Difenoconazole residues were found in all samples with different concentration exceeding maximum residue limits (MRL) of Codex Alimentarius Commission. However imidacloprid was not detected in any sample. Concentration of bifenthrin in house egg samples ranged from 0.256206 to 4.112387 mg/kg while in poultry farm samples it varied from 1.5862 to 5.80796 mg/kg. Difenoconazole was found in concentration of 0.02835 mg/kg, 1.7668 mg/kg, 3.7205 mg/kg, 21.8937 mg/kg 21.9835 mg/kg, 19.26407 mg/kg in samples collected from houses while and in poultry farm samples its detected concentration was 10.939 mg/kg, 12.3296 mg/kg, 29.3617 mg/kg, 18.6116 mg/kg, 40.0523 mg/kg and 19.2335 mg/kg. Concentrations of both pesticides Bifenthrin and Difenoconazole exceeded the MRLs (0.05 mg/kg). Health risk index surpassed 1 (the cut off value) for Difenoconazole in seven samples while for Bifenthrin values were less than 1, indicating the possibility of potential medium to long term health risk associated with ingestion of contaminated eggs.

Human health risk assessment of pesticide residues in vegetable and fruit samples in Gujarat State, India

“…Potential health risk assessment was evaluated in vegetables and fruits samples for pesticide residues. The results showed that consumers are not exposed to health risk because HIs values were <1 ( Eslami et al., 2021 ; Hamid et al., 2017 ).…”

Reducing Veterinary Drug Residues in Animal Products: A Review

“…Effects of hard boiling and scrambling decreased the residue of chlorpyriphos in egg yolks by 38% (Bajwa and Sandhu, 2014). Adoption of best management practices in the poultry farms, feed quality monitoring, and breeding in confined areas can help decrease pesticide residues in eggs (Hamid et al, 2017). However, pH may differ in the albumen and yolk of fresh eggs (albumen; 7.6–7.9, yolk; 6.0), resulting to fading drug capabilities (Kan and Petz, 2000).…”

Exposure assessment of selected pesticide residues using occurrence data in foods and serum samples in Pakistan

“…Several studies have reported the levels of pesticide residues in human serum samples from Pakistan (Hayat et al, 2018(Hayat et al, , 2019Saeed et al, 2017) with most of the studies focusing on occupational exposure. Analysis of various foodstuffs such as cereals (Ahmad et al, 2008;Mumtaz et al, 2015), fruits and vegetables (Akhtar et al, 2018;Munawar et al, 2013), milk and milk products (Ishaq & Nawaz, 2018;Ul Hassan et al, 2014), poultry and meat (Ahmad et al, 2018;Hamid et al, 2017), and fish (Akhtar et al, 2014;Riaz et al, 2018) for the levels of pesticide residues have also been reported from various regions of the country. However, little information regarding the direct association between the dietary intake, the serum levels of pesticide residues and thyroid hormones levels in Pakistan has been reported.…”