Assessment of agricultural efficiency and yield gap for soybean in the Brazilian Central Cerrado biome

Santos, Thaynara Garcia; Battisti, Rafael; Casaroli, Derblai; Alves, José Milton; Evangelista, Adão Wagner Pêgo

doi:10.1590/1678-4499.20200352

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…It is a vital product in the Brazilian economy, especially for the supply of oil for domestic consumption, animal feed as the main protein source, and biofuel production. Thus, there are many studies aimed at the cultivation of soybeans, with the aim of obtaining information that enable an increase in yield and/or a reduction in production costs (2)(3)(4), but regarding weed allelopathy and interaction in soybean crop, mainly in sandy soils, there is little information available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soybean growth and production under straw of maize, Urochloa brizantha, Conyza spp. and Digitaria insularis

Albrecht

et al. 2022

Plant Sci. Today

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Weeds can cause serious damage during soybean development, due to allelopathy, competition for water, light and nutrients. It is necessary to investigate the influence of straw, of weeds Conyza spp. and Digitaria insularis, in soybean growth, production and composition and grains. If there is influence of allelopathic compounds at the crop. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of straw of maize and Urochloa brizantha (A.Rich.) R.D.Webster crops and Conyza spp., D. insularis, on growth, production and composition of grains produced by soybean. Treatments consisted of the control (absence of straw), maize straw, Urochloa brizantha straw, Conyza spp. straw (500, 1000, 1500 or 2000 kg ha-1) and D. insularis straw (500, 1000, 1500 or 2000 kg ha-1). The chlorophyll index, height of plants and insertion of the first pod, stem diameter at the collar and at 5 cm from the collar, root dry mass, number of pods and grains, weight of total grains, weight of 100 grains, protein and nitrogen (N), catalase and peroxidase contents in grains were evaluated. There was no difference between treatments for plant height, first pod height and chlorophyll index, as well as for total pods and 100 grain weight and protein content, N content and peroxidase and carboxylase enzymatic activity of the grains produced. For stem diameter, a higher value was found for the treatment with maize straw compared to the control (no straw). For dry root matter, treatments without straw and with Conyza spp. straw up to 1500 kg ha-1, differed from the treatment with maize straw. Even in some respects they provided beneficial effects compared to the absence of straw, which indicates the importance of crop residues. No allelopathic effects of weeds were observed on the growth and development of soybean. Conyza spp., D. insularis, maize or U. brizantha straws do not negatively affect soybean growth, production and grain composition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soybean growth and production under straw of maize, Urochloa brizantha, Conyza spp. and Digitaria insularis

Albrecht

et al. 2022

Plant Sci. Today

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“…Irrigation management can be used to reduce the agricultural production risk (Woznicki et al, 2015;Justino et al, 2019), mainly in the future period 2041-2070 under both RCP 2.6 (optimistic) and 8.5 (pessimist) in current and new growing areas, as east border and region of lower altitude, both with low growing intensity. Further, management strategies can be explored to offset the negative impacts of climate change, including the interaction of sowing dates, maturity groups and plant densities (Choi et al, 2016;Sampaio et al, 2021), improvement of soil management to increase root depth to access soil water (Battisti and Sentelhas, 2017), changes in crops and production systems (Labeyrie et al, 2021), and reducing yield gaps by sub-optimal management in favorable climate growing seasons (Battisti et al, 2018b;Santos et al, 2021b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The region had most of the area divided into 3 climate homogeneous regions for soybean production, where water deficit was responsible for 24 to 81% of photosynthesis restriction . Santos et al (2021b) reported soybean yield losses from 26 to 54% due to water deficit for sites located in the MATOPIBA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change impacts on rainfed and irrigated soybean yield in Brazil’s new agricultural frontier

Fernandes

Melo

Elli

et al. 2021

Theor Appl Climatol

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Climate is one of the main limiting factors for agricultural productivity, where climate change may increase the risk for food production. Based on that, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of climate change on rainfed and irrigated soybean yield in the MATOPIBA region, the new agricultural frontier in Brazil. The DSSAT CSM-CROPGRO-Soybean was used to simulate rainfed and irrigated yield using local soils, sowing dates, and maturity groups. The simulations included the baseline , and two future scenarios (2011-2040 and 2041-2070) for two representative concentration pathways (RCP 2.6 and 8.5). The future climate scenarios were obtained from global climate models (HadGEM2-ES and CSIRO mk3-6-0). The baseline showed a median yield of 3907 kg ha −1 across the region, a value that increased to 4006 kg ha −1 in the RCP 8.5 in 2011-2040. For the 2041-2070 period, RCPs 2.6 and 8.5 had a yield reduction to 3686 and 2388 kg ha −1 , respectively. The average yield reduction was higher than 23% under RCP 8.5 , reaching more than 53% in some areas. The yield impact in future climate scenarios was related to rainfall reduction by 300-400 mm cycle −1 , and temperature increased above 3 °C. The irrigation showed potential to offset negative climate change impacts, where yield gain was 2400 kg ha −1 under RCP 8.5. The future climate impact can be reduced by moving soybean crops preferentially to areas of higher altitude, with lower air temperature associated with irrigation. Further studies could explore potential adaptations related with physiological traits and crop management.

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“…The recent past shows that despite crop yield improvements (see Koch et al, 2019), between 2002 and 2014 horizontal expansion was responsible for 85% of the soy production growth in Brazil (Cassman and Grassini, 2020). Santos et al (2021) suggest that it is possible to double soybean yields through improved agricultural management in the Cerrado, yet others have shown that higher returns in Brazilian agriculture have historically led to area expansion and deforestation-the so-called Jevons paradox (Ceddia et al, 2013). Soy farmers' low threshold for clearing new vegetation for profit only reaffirms the limits of voluntary action.…”

Section: Reasons Not To Expandmentioning

confidence: 99%

To clear or not to clear: Unpacking soy farmers' decision-making on deforestation in Brazil's Cerrado

Aragão

Lima

Burns

et al. 2022

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Agriculture-driven deforestation has come to the top of the environmental policy agenda as one of the main sustainability issues of current food systems. A major case is soy production in Brazil, the largest grower and exporter of what has become the world's crop of choice for animal feed protein. Soy expansion has contributed to the continuous erasure of the Brazilian Cerrado, a highly biodiverse savanna with significant underground carbon storage that plays vital hydrological functions but remains mostly unprotected. Much of the remaining Cerrado vegetation is located within private farms and can be cleared legally; therefore, understanding soy farmers' attitudes regarding deforestation is paramount. Hence, this study explores and analyzes Brazilian soy farmers' perspectives, attitudes, and behavior concerning land-use change. We draw from the literature and semi-structured interviews with 24 soy farmers in Tocantins State, part of an agricultural frontier region called Matopiba. Our findings show how soy-farmer behavior follows primarily an economic rationale unconcerned with environmental sustainability. Farmers have moved to the frontier attracted primarily by cheap land prices and mainly occupied degraded pastures. Still, they have cleared vegetation directly for planting soy and show little restraint. Although chiefly interested in increasing yields, Brazil's soy farmers feel entitled to open new areas whenever they have the economic means and motivation. They may also engage in pre-emptive deforestation for fear of more stringent forthcoming regulations. Such attitudes offer a cautionary note to strategies that hope to conserve the Cerrado through voluntary behavioral change, such as adopting “best practices” or focusing on improving production in already-open areas. We argue that greater regulatory stringency and enforcement are much more promising pathways in the context of excessive permissiveness to deforestation in the Cerrado and actors oriented by profit and by what they are allowed to do. Well-enforced public policies that legally restrict their deforestation rights and protect the remaining areas of Cerrado would offer a royal road, but supply-chain actors, too, may need to become stricter about requesting conversion-free soy. We conclude that, without such actions, soy farmers' attitudes promise a continuation of business as usual toward the Cerrado's end.

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Assessment of agricultural efficiency and yield gap for soybean in the Brazilian Central Cerrado biome

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Soybean growth and production under straw of maize, Urochloa brizantha, Conyza spp. and Digitaria insularis

Soybean growth and production under straw of maize, Urochloa brizantha, Conyza spp. and Digitaria insularis

Climate change impacts on rainfed and irrigated soybean yield in Brazil’s new agricultural frontier

To clear or not to clear: Unpacking soy farmers' decision-making on deforestation in Brazil's Cerrado

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