Soil conservation management with cover crops: effects on critical energy levels, release and dispersion of aggregates

Silva, Érika Andressa da; Reinert, Dalvan José; Reichert, José Miguel; Mallmann, Micael Stolben; Pereira, Monike Andrade; Pons, Sarah Severo; Foggiato, William Saidelles

doi:10.1590/1678-4499.20180323

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Only a few have mentioned it in the context of the soils' comparative ability to withstand disruptive forces or the soil's ability to absorb (and eventually disrupt) energy. To assess the relative stability of soils by UA based on the applied, output, and dispersion energy (El) against respective disruptive aggregates (primary particle sizes, micro-and macroaggregates), several models and indexes have been presented, i.e., soil dispersion characteristic curve (SDCC) [9], aggregate disruption characteristic curve (ADCC) [12], aggregate liberation and dispersion curve (ALDC) [13], releasing of aggregate and dispersion curve (RADC) [14], ultrasonic soil aggregate stability (USAS) [8], ultrasonic energy (Eus) [15], ultrasonic power (Pus) [3], critical energy (Ecri) [8,16] specific energy (E 1/2 ) [17], normalized dispersion index (NDI) [18], and b/a index [19]. All these indexes are limited to presenting either some proportion of aggregates subjected to applied or absorbed dispersion energy, i.e., clay, silt, and sand-sized particles and microaggregates or macroaggregates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Index (RI) to Evaluate the Relative Stability of Soils Using Ultrasonic Agitation

et al. 2021

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As soil stability is a complex phenomenon, various methods and indexes were introduced to assess the strength of soils. Because of the limitations of different stability methods and indexes (including wet sieving-based), we aimed to presents a relative stability index (RI) that was based on the estimated components of the soil overall disruptive characteristic curve (SODC): (1) soil disruption constant (Ki, that is based upon dispersion energy of soils); (2) resulting change in mean weight diameter (ΔMWD). To evaluate the effectiveness and limitations of RI as well as to compare it with classical soil stability indexes of mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD). Ultrasonic agitation (UA) along with a wet sieving method (followed by dry sieving) was applied against four different soils named on the basis of sample location, Qingling soil (QL), Guanzhong soil (GZ), Ansai soil (AS), and Jingbian soil (JB). To evaluate the relative strength of soils at different applied energies (increase in sonication duration usually resulted in increased input energy and temperature of soil–water suspension), soils were subjected to six sonication durations (0, 30, 60, 120, 210, and 300 s) with a fixed (and exact) initial amplitude and temperature. Output energy was calculated based on the amplitude and temperature of the suspension, vessel, and system. The most abrupt and maximum disruption of soil aggregates was observed at a dispersion energy level of 0–200 J g−1. The MWD value of surface and subsurface ranged between 0.58 to 0.15 mm and 0.37 to 0.17 mm, respectively, while GMD was ranged from 0.14 to 0.33 mm overall. The results for MWD and GMD showed a similar trend. MWD and GMD showed more strong associations with physicochemical characteristics of soil than RI. A non-significant correlation was found between RI and MWD/GMD. Contrary to MWD and GMD, RI was significantly positively correlated with sand content; this finding indicated the influential role of sand in assessing the soil’s relative strength. The results indicated that JB soil possessed the least MWD and GMD but proved to be relatively stable because of having the highest RI value.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Index (RI) to Evaluate the Relative Stability of Soils Using Ultrasonic Agitation

et al. 2021

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“…Thus, for soils of Brazil, Sá et al (1999) proposed the dispersion index (DI), which relates the content of dispersed silt/clay particles and the released aggregates to a specific energy level (SILVA et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With increasing vibration amplitudes, cavitation and subsequent stressing of soil particles increases and causes more frequent fracture of soil particles (MAYER et al, 2002). Ultrasonic dispersion experiments at different vibration amplitudes and low absorbed energies may serve therefore to separate macroaggregates of different stability (SILVA et al, 2016, SILVA et al, 2019.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sonication has been a useful tool to evaluate the effect of cover crops on the macroaggregation (SILVA et al, 2016;SILVA et al, 2019;SILVA et al, 2021). Silva et al (2019) demonstrated that cover crops influenced the critical energy (CE) levels required for dispersion of aggregates of the Hapludalf. Under the conditions of that study the conservation management with black oats and vetch increased the soil structural stability, which was expressed by the increment of the CE, and lower normalized dispersion index (NDI) and b/a index.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Macroaggregation of a Paleudalf Affected by Cavitation Intensity and Management Systems With Cover Plants

Silva

Mallmann

Pereira

et al. 2021

Revista Brasileira De Engenharia De Biossistemas

Self Cite

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Ultrasonic-based techniques allow the prediction of the energy required to break the aggregate and have been more commonly used to measure the stability of aggregates. Although they result in the same applied energy, certain combinations of time and power might correspond to different intensities of cavitation. Consequently, different responses in aggregation indexes can be obtained with different configurations of ultrasound techniques. Thus, this work was carried out to evaluate the effects of cavitation intensity in the distribution of aggregates of a Paleudalf under management systems with cover plants and to compare aggregate stability determination methods (ultrasound versus wet sieving). Aggregate samples of the BS (bare soil), OT (black oat + forage turnips) and OV (black oat + hairy vetch) treatments were exposed to ultrasonic irradiation in different combinations of potency and time: (U1) 74.5 W/4 s; (U2) 49.7 W/6 s; (U3) 74.5 W/10 s and (U4) 49.7 W/15 s. After each sonification, the samples were passed in the same set of sieves used in the standard method of wet sieving -WS (8.00 - 4.76, 4.76 - 2.00, 2.00 - 1.00, 1.00 - 0.25 and < 0.25 mm) and the geometric mean diameter (GMD) and mass-weighted mean diameter (WMD) were calculated. The amplitude of vibration exerted a greater influence on soil breakdown than the total energy applied. Compared to the ultrasound method, in the WS method observed higher percentage of retained aggregates in the size class 8-4.76 mm and, consequently, greater aggregation indexes GMD and WMD.

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Effects of rainfall patterns, vegetation cover types and antecedent soil moisture on run‐off and soil loss of typical Luvisol in southern China

Wang,

Tian,

Guo

et al. 2024

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Identifying the effect of precipitation, vegetation cover and underlying surface conditions on run‐off and soil loss is essential for understanding the mechanism of water erosion. The study site is located in the Shiqiaopu watershed of Hubei Province, China. The long‐term (2017–2021) monitoring data for this study included rainfall characteristics, antecedent soil moisture, run‐off and soil loss in four run‐off plots with four vegetation cover types (tea garden, soybean and rape, peanut and rape, and vetiver zizanioides). K‐means clustering and discriminant analysis were used to classify rainfall patterns. The improved redundancy analysis was used to quantitatively explore the relative importance of rainfall characteristics, vegetation cover and antecedent soil moisture to run‐off and soil loss. The results showed that the rainfall patterns were mainly divided into three categories: A (medium duration, small rainfall, medium rain intensity, high frequency), B (long duration, large rainfall, light rain intensity, low frequency) and C (short duration, medium rainfall, heavy rain intensity, medium frequency). The average run‐off coefficient, run‐off depth of different rainfall patterns were C > B > A, and the cumulative run‐off depth and soil loss under the A rainfall pattern were the largest. For the run‐off plots with four vegetation cover types, vetiver zizanioides had the best effect on run‐off and sediment reduction, while peanut and rape had the worst effect. The driving factor that contributed the most to the run‐off depth was vegetation cover (19.36%), and rainfall characteristics explained the most to the soil loss (11.65%). We also found that although antecedent soil moisture had a small explanation rate for soil loss, it was significantly correlated with the run‐off depth under the vegetation cover of the tea garden. Therefore, regional soil erosion should be combined with the importance of driving factors to take comprehensive control measures.

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Soil conservation management with cover crops: effects on critical energy levels, release and dispersion of aggregates

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

A Novel Index (RI) to Evaluate the Relative Stability of Soils Using Ultrasonic Agitation

A Novel Index (RI) to Evaluate the Relative Stability of Soils Using Ultrasonic Agitation

Macroaggregation of a Paleudalf Affected by Cavitation Intensity and Management Systems With Cover Plants

Effects of rainfall patterns, vegetation cover types and antecedent soil moisture on run‐off and soil loss of typical Luvisol in southern China

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