Copper and zinc fractions in the profile of an Inceptisol cultivated with apple in southern Brazil

Abstract

The present study aimed to evaluate the accumulation and distribution of Cu and Zn fractions in the profile of an Inceptisol by application of fungicides with a previous history of apple cultivation in southern Brazil. Stratified soil samples (0.

Copper and zinc transfer limits to soil solution of mixtures containing different clay and organic matter contents

“…Soil mixtures with higher clay content and lower SOM content desorbed higher amounts of Zn to water and smaller amounts to those with lower clay content and higher SOM content. This is because Zn usually has higher binding a nity to functional groups of the mineral solid phase of the soil (Brunetto et al, 2017;Brunetto et al, 2018). However, a considerable part of Zn can also be adsorbed to functional groups of the organic phase (Fernández-Calviño et al, 2012;Tiecher et al, 2017;Tiecher et al, 2018;Somavilla et al, 2018).…”

“…However, it is di cult to assess the exact change-point, which indicates the beginning of the rapid increase in Cu and Zn contents transported to water in response to Cu and Zn addition to soils. For instance, these heavy metals may come from animal waste applied to the soil surface in cropping systems (Da Rosa et al, 2018), from fungicides applied to crops to control foliar fungal diseases in vineyards and apple orchards (Brunetto et al, 2016;Brunetto et al, 2018;Marastoni et al, 2019) or even in soils where ores have been mined (Salnikova et al, 2018;Aihemaiti et al, 2018). This is also dependent on other variables, such as the strong interactions of Cu and Zn with the mineral and biological constituents of the soil, which boost transport to waters (Paluch et al, 2018).…”