Genotypic differences in cyanogenic glycosides levels of compatible Prunus persica P. persica and incompatible P. persica P. mume combinations

Pereira, Ivan dos Santos; Pina, Ana; Antunes, Luís Eduardo Corrêa; Campos, Ângela Diniz; Fachinello, José Carlos

doi:10.1590/1678-4499.2016367

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Additionally, the scion and stock were found to have a moderately higher concentration of total phenolic compounds with high antioxidant activity. Differences in concentration of CGs, primarily prunasin, was found to be responsible for the incompatibility between Prunus persica and Prunus mume ( Pereira et al, 2018 ). Therefore, grafting between such plants with great differences in CG concentrations may end up in generating incompatibility reactions between the partners ( Pereira et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Role Of Phenolic Compounds In Graft Incompatibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms Underlying Graft Union Formation and Rootstock Scion Interaction in Horticultural Plants

et al. 2020

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Grafting is a common practice for vegetative propagation and trait improvement in horticultural plants. A general prerequisite for successful grafting and long term survival of grafted plants is taxonomic proximity between the root stock and scion. For the success of a grafting operation, rootstock and scion should essentially be closely related. Interaction between the rootstock and scion involves complex physiological-biochemical and molecular mechanisms. Successful graft union formation involves a series of steps viz., lining up of vascular cambium, generation of a wound healing response, callus bridge formation, followed by vascular cambium formation and subsequent formation of the secondary xylem and phloem. For grafted trees compatibility between the rootstock/scion is the most essential factor for their better performance and longevity. Graft incompatibility occurs on account of a number of factors including of unfavorable physiological responses across the graft union, transmission of virus or phytoplasma and anatomical deformities of vascular tissue at the graft junction. In order to avoid the incompatibility problems, it is important to predict the same at an early stage. Phytohormones, especially auxins regulate key events in graft union formation between the rootstock and scion, while others function to facilitate the signaling pathways. Transport of macro as well as micro molecules across long distances results in phenotypic variation shown by grafted plants, therefore grafting can be used to determine the pattern and rate of recurrence of this transport. A better understanding of rootstock scion interactions, endogenous growth substances, soil or climatic factors needs to be studied, which would facilitate efficient selection and use of rootstocks in the future. Protein, hormones, mRNA and small RNA transport across the junction is currently emerging as an important mechanism which controls the stock/scion communication and simultaneously may play a crucial role in understanding the physiology of grafting more precisely. This review provides an understanding of the physiological, biochemical and molecular basis underlying grafting with special reference to horticultural plants.

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Section: Role Of Phenolic Compounds In Graft Incompatibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms Underlying Graft Union Formation and Rootstock Scion Interaction in Horticultural Plants

et al. 2020

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“…Similarly, PAL genes showed positive and significant correlations with the total phenolics content (TPC), flavonoids and the antioxidant capacity (RAC). The relationship between PAL activity, phenolics accumulation, and RAC was reported in peach/Japanese apricot graft-combinations in response to "localized" incompatibility stress (Pereira et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These enzymes, together with the antioxidant enzyme peroxidase (POX), are developmentally and tissue-specifically regulated and may be induced by graftincompatibility (Zarrouk et al, 2010;Xu et al, 2015). Previously, the content of phenolic compounds has been associated, in general, with the "localized" type of graft-incompatibility, limiting the proliferation and differentiation of callus and the formation of the new vascular tissues in pear (Machado et al, 2017), cherry (Güçlü and Koyuncu, 2012) and apricot (Pereira et al, 2018). In addition, those compounds escape from the vacuole into the cytoplasm where are susceptible to oxidation by PPO and POX enzymes (Feucht and Treutter, 1989), resulting in the production of quinones and polymeric melanins that may polymerize to toxic compounds (Poëssel et al, 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Characterization and Differential Expression of PAL Genes Associated With “Translocated” Peach/Plum Graft-Incompatibility

et al. 2021

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Grafting is an ancient plant propagation technique widely used in horticultural crops, particularly in fruit trees. However, the involvement of two different species in grafting may lead to lack of affinity and severe disorders between the graft components, known as graft-incompatibility. This complex agronomic trait is traditionally classified into two categories: “localized” (weak graft unions with breaks in cambial and vascular continuity at the graft interface and absence of visual symptoms in scion leaves and shoots) and “translocated” (degeneration of the sieve tubes and phloem companion cells at the graft interface causing translocation problems in neighboring tissues, and reddening/yellowing of scion leaves). Over the decades, more attention has been given to the different mechanisms underlying the “localized” type of graft-incompatibility; whereas the phenylpropanoid-derived compounds and the differential gene expression associated with the “translocated” graft-incompatibility remain unstudied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to shed light on the biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in the typical “translocated” graft-incompatibility of peach/plum graft-combinations. In this study, the “Summergrand” (SG) nectarine cultivar was budded on two plum rootstocks: “Adara” and “Damas GF 1869”. “Translocated” symptoms of incompatibility were shown and biochemically characterized in the case of “SG/Damas GF 1869” graft-combination, 3 years after grafting. Non-structural carbohydrates (soluble sugars and starch), phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity, were significantly enhanced in the incompatible graft-combination scion. Similarly, the enzymatic activities of the antioxidant enzyme peroxidase, the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway were significantly affected by the incompatible rootstock “Damas GF 1869”, inducing higher activities in the scion than those induced by the compatible rootstock “Adara”. In addition, a positive and strong correlation was obtained between total phenol content, antioxidant capacity and the expression of the key genes involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway, PAL1 and PAL2. Regarding the “SG/Adara” graft-combination, there were neither external symptoms of “translocated” incompatibility nor significant differences in the biochemical and molecular parameters between scion and rootstock, proving it to be a compatible combination. The differential expression of PAL genes together with the biochemical factors cited above could be good markers for the “translocated” peach/plum graft-incompatibility.

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“…In pear/quince combinations, the CG prunasin, which occurs in the quince and not in the pear, rises from the rootstock to the cultivar, where it is hydrolyzed by β-glycosidase, causing the release of cyanide at the graft interface (Gur et al, 1968). Thus, the levels of CGs in scion and rootstock can serve as indicators of compatibility (Gur & Blum, 1973;Pereira et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanogenic glycosides content as graft compatibility indicator in pear/quince combinations

et al. 2021

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The objective of this work is to evaluate the concentration of cyanogenic glycosides CGs (amygdalin and prunasin) in the cultivar and rootstock, as an indicator of compatibility in pear grafts. The work consists of two experiments. Experiment 1 evaluated Cascatense/Pyrus Calleryana and Cascatense/EMC combinations. Experiment 2 evaluated the combinations Packham’s Triumph/Adams, Santa Maria/Adams, and Rocha/Adams. The experimental design of the two experiments was randomized blocks with four replications. The evaluations were carried out in the spring and summer of the harvest 2014/2015. The results indicated graft compatibility in the Cascatense/P. Calleryana, Packham’s Triumph/Adams, and Rocha/Adams combinations; slight incompatibility of Santa Maria/Adams, and severe incompatibility of Cascatense/EMC. The obtained results indicate that differences ≥ 20 mg g-1 of CGs between scion and rootstock were correlated with a drastic reduction in vigor, problems of continuity in graft union, low yield, and early defoliation.

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Genotypic differences in cyanogenic glycosides levels of compatible Prunus persica P. persica and incompatible P. persica P. mume combinations

Abstract: Prunus persica and P. mume. The prunasin concentration may be considered a promising marker to predict graft compatibility between P. persica and P. mume.

Cited by 10 publications

References 43 publications

Mechanisms Underlying Graft Union Formation and Rootstock Scion Interaction in Horticultural Plants

Mechanisms Underlying Graft Union Formation and Rootstock Scion Interaction in Horticultural Plants

Biochemical Characterization and Differential Expression of PAL Genes Associated With “Translocated” Peach/Plum Graft-Incompatibility

Cyanogenic glycosides content as graft compatibility indicator in pear/quince combinations

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