Soil structural quality degradation by the increase in grazing intensity in integrated crop-livestock system

Auler, André Carlos; Galetto, Shivelly Los; Hennipman, Fabrício Siqueira; Guntzel, Eduardo Daniel; Giarola, Neyde Fabíola Balarezo; Fonseca, Adriel Ferreira da

doi:10.1590/1678-4499.2016.310

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Our finding is in accordance with a previous study that found the VESS scores on natural forest cover ranged between Sq 1 dan 2 (Guimarães et al 2013(Guimarães et al , 2017aAuler et al 2017;Cherubin et al 2017Cherubin et al , 2018Aji et al 2021;Briliawan et al 2022). The soil structure at the natural forest and complex agroforestry of galangal is classified as crumbly, making the soil beam samples taken from these two locations easily crushed when held by hand.…”

Section: Vess Scoressupporting

confidence: 92%

“…They produce a large quantity of litter as organic matter, providing continuous inputs of organic C in the soil (Table 2). Under natural vegetation, constant litter cover, continual organic C inputs into the soil, and the lack of disturbance are essential drivers of soil aggregation and improved physical quality (Auler et al 2017;Cherubin et al 2017;Guimarães et al 2017b). Litter coverage protects the soil from direct raindrop contact, minimizing soil disaggregation and surface sealing, and thereby lowering soil erosion losses (Cherubin et al 2018).…”

Section: Vess Scoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Litterfall helps the natural return of soil nutrients into the soil in addition to other inputs such as fertilization activity. The soil covered by litter, continuous input of C-organic into the soil and the absence of disturbance is the main drivers of soil aggregation and improvement of soil physical quality under natural vegetation (Auler et al 2017;Cherubin et al 2017;Guimarães et al 2017b, Wiryono et al 2021). The natural forest has a higher diversity and activity of soil biota than agricultural land (Franco et al 2016).…”

Section: The Role Of Agroforestry On Soil Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing soil properties in various agroforestry lands in Kuningan District, West Java, Indonesia using Visual Evaluation of Soil Structure (VESS)

2022

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Abstract. Purnama TJ, Wijayanto N, Wasis B. 2022. Assessing soil properties in various agroforestry lands in Kuningan District, West Java, Indonesia using Visual Evaluation of Soil Structure (VESS). Biodiversitas 23: 3012-3021. Land conversion from the forest into intensive agriculture and plantation causes soil degradation. Agroforestry is promoted as a win-win solution to land management that conserves and improves soil quality using a tree-based farming system. This study aimed to evaluate the physical soil quality of various land-use patterns, including agroforestry in Kuningan District, West Java. In doing so, we employed the Visual Evaluation of Soil Structure (VESS) method to be compared with laboratory analysis. Soil physical quality of seven land-use types was evaluated, namely natural forest, complex agroforestry of coffee, complex agroforestry of galangal, simple agroforestry of coffee, simple agroforestry of sweet potato, coffee monoculture and maize monoculture. The VESS technique was used to assess the quality of soil structure, whereas the conventional soil analysis method was used to determine soil bulk density and porosity. Other soil properties including soil organic carbon, cation-exchange capacity (CEC), pH, and soil macrofauna and mesofauna as well as dry litter weight, vegetation composition and individuals’ density were also obtained. The results of the VESS method (reflected as Sq value) revealed that the soil physical quality varied, ranging from Sq value of 1.16-3.1. Complex agroforestry of galangal had Sq value of 1.56 which was not significantly different from that of natural forest land (Sq 1.16), implying that both land uses had a similar physical soil quality. The VESS score and the soil property parameters have a reasonable correlation (r) (BD = 0.80, soil porosity = -0.80, SOC = -0.88, CEC = 0.89, diversity of fauna soil index = 0.82). This study shows that a multi-strata agroforestry system can be a strategy for recovering soil quality on degraded lands, and the VESS method can be used to analyze soil quality in these areas.

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Section: Vess Scoressupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Vess Scoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Role Of Agroforestry On Soil Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing soil properties in various agroforestry lands in Kuningan District, West Java, Indonesia using Visual Evaluation of Soil Structure (VESS)

2022

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“…In the case of BD (Figure 3), the study by Auler et al (2017) The graphical representation of the results was made with a Forest Plot (Figure 4), whose rows represent each of the primary studies and the correlation between VESS and soil properties without grouping. The effect size is the magnitude of the correlation of VESS with a given soil property.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between the Visual Evaluation of Soil Structure (VESS) and soil properties in agriculture: A meta-analysis

et al. 2023

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The objective of this study was to analyze the relationships between the Visual Evaluation of Soil Structure (VESS) and soil properties that make its adoption widely used in agriculture. For this, 25 papers related to the VESS (2009-2022) were considered where the information of the authors, the soil property: bulk density (BD), total soil porosity (TP), soil penetration resistance (PR), macroporosity, microporosity, soil organic carbon (SOC), and mean weight diameter of stable aggregates (MWD). The sample size (n=120 cases), and the correlation coefficient were extracted. To measure this relationship, the correlation coefficient of all studies was contemplated. A meta-analysis was carried out to obtain a global measure of the correlation between the VESS and soil properties across the studies. In the first instance, a fixed effects model was fitted for the correlation (effect size, known as the response variable in the meta-analysis). Subsequently, a random effects model was fitted for the correlation, followed by a subgroup analysis according to soil properties, due to the presence of high heterogeneity between studies. The overall effect (average correlation coefficient) of the fitted random effects model was 0.31 with a confidence interval (CI) of [0.22;0.41]. The heterogeneity between studies was high ( =94.0%) and statistically significant p<0.001. Although it is moderate, the average correlation in practical terms may be sufficient. There were significant differences in some average correlations of some categories, such as BD, PR, TP, and microporosity. The weights reported for the BD, SOC, and PR were 29.7%, 16.4%, and 14.2%, respectively. This result evidenced that the greatest contribution to the global effect of correlation between VESS and soil properties is provided by BD.

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“…This reduction in root biomass can thus be extended or even increased over time when heavy grazing is used in the ICLS. Other studies with ICLS in the region showed that heavier grazing intensities, compared to moderate and low intensities, can lead to increased soil bulk density and compaction (Auler et al., 2017; Bonetti et al., 2019), soil carbon stock decline (Ribeiro, Ibarr et al., 2020; Silva et al., 2014), and system productivity decline (Ribeiro, Dieckow et al., 2020; Shuster et al., 2019), causing soil health degradation. Therefore, heavy grazing, even with N fertilization, is not a recommended management practice for this type of ICLS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grazing intensity and nitrogen fertilization effects on biomass and morphology of black oat roots in an integrated crop–livestock system

et al. 2023

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Grazing stimulates root and forage mass of perennial pastures, but few studies have addressed the effects of grazing on annual pastures which are often grown in short periods within integrated crop–livestock systems (ICLS). In these pastures, N fertilization is a common practice to increase forage mass, but its effects on root morphology are unclear. In a field experiment, we evaluated how grazing intensities (ungrazed, moderate, and heavy grazing) and N fertilization rates (0, 75, and 150 kg N ha−1) affected morphological attributes of oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.) roots and forage accumulation in ICLS in Brazilian subtropics. Forage mass was evaluated in each grazing cycle and roots were sampled to a 30‐cm depth at the end of the grazing season in 2 years. Heavy and moderate grazing reduced (p < 0.05) forage accumulation by 15%–37% compared to ungrazed (4867 kg DM ha−1) in the first year, characterized by extended periods of water deficit, but in the second year forage accumulation from grazed and ungrazed was similar (p > 0.05), averaging 4273 kg ha−1. N fertilization increased forage accumulation in both the years, without differences between 75 and 150 kg N ha−1 in grazed treatments. Grazing and N rates mainly reduced root diameter and increased root N concentration. Increasing N fertilization rates increased root length but it was more expressive in the first year. Nitrogen fertilization with 75 or 150 kg N ha−1 on moderately grazed oat is an alternative to increase forage accumulation as it stimulates fine root development and increase N uptake, mainly when adverse climatic conditions can affect pasture growth.

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Soil structural quality degradation by the increase in grazing intensity in integrated crop-livestock system

Cited by 16 publications

References 25 publications

Assessing soil properties in various agroforestry lands in Kuningan District, West Java, Indonesia using Visual Evaluation of Soil Structure (VESS)

Assessing soil properties in various agroforestry lands in Kuningan District, West Java, Indonesia using Visual Evaluation of Soil Structure (VESS)

Relationships between the Visual Evaluation of Soil Structure (VESS) and soil properties in agriculture: A meta-analysis

Grazing intensity and nitrogen fertilization effects on biomass and morphology of black oat roots in an integrated crop–livestock system

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