Exopolysaccharide of Lactobacillus rhamnosus E9 Strain Improves Dental Pulp Mesenchymal Stem Cell Proliferation, Osteogenic Differentiation, and Cellular Collagen Production

Abstract

Among mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) sources, the most interesting ones in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are oromaxillofacial tissue. Of these, dental pulp derived (DP-MSCs) MSCs are part of interest. The substantial expansion of MSCs in vitro is a requirement site to achieve adequate cell numbers for cell-based therapy. However, the limited proliferation of MSCs diminishes with long term cell culture amplification. Therefore, natural agents are being investigated to increase proliferation and/or differentiation. Lactobacillus rhamnosus draws attention with the expolysaccharides (EPSs) it produces. EPSs have been attributed to have a significant role in probiotic activity; including immunomodulatory, antitumor, cholesterol lowering, biofilm reducing, antioxidant, antiallergic, and wound healing effects. However, there is incompetent knowledge discussing their effect on DP-MSCs. In this study we aimed to demonstrate the induced proliferation, differentiation and cellular collagen secretion of DP-MSCs in response to the L. rhamnosus E9 EPSs. 1000 μg/mL EPSs was determined as the effective concentration by using a real-time monitoring system. L. rhamnosus E9 EPS was able to accelarate ostegenic differentiation and secretion of cellular collagen. Indeed, EPS was able to decreased the calcium granules that occurs due to long term cultivation. By consideration of inducing proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and secretion of cellular collagen, L. rhamnosus EPS could be considered as good candidate for preconditioning agent and/or scaffold material. HIGHLIGHTS• The effective EPS concentration was determined by xCELLigence analysis method.• EPS was able to accelarate ostegenic differentiation.• Cellular collagen was increased in the EPS gropus.• EPS reduced the calcium granules that occurs due to long term cultivation.

Effect of Motiflor AS probiotic for oral health on cell viability in human gingival fibroblasts and human dental pulp stem cells

“…This real-time monitoring system provides quantitative information on the biological status of cells. [ 1 ] MTT analysis is based on measuring the activity of succinate dehydrogenase, which converts the tetrazolium salt to the formazan derivative in the mitochondria of living cells. [ 11 , 28 ] We used these two validated tests in our study to investigate the proliferation of HDPSCs and HGFCs in the Motiflor AS PT.…”

“…Nowadays, probiotics are becoming one of the fastest-growing categories of foods in light of scientific research. [ 1 ] Probiotics have a wide range of therapeutic applications such as the prevention of urogenital diseases, positive effects on the gastrointestinal system, reduction of hypercholesterolemia, protection against bladder cancer, prevention of osteoporosis, and food allergy. [ 2 ]…”

A new generation of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells differentially trained by immunoregulatory probiotics in a lupus microenvironment

“…We suggest that in the context of lupus in clinical studies, considering the inflammation conditions, MSCs pretreated with the strains of L. rhamnosus or L. delbrueckii may show better treatment outcomes than N-MSCs. We preferred to study L. rhamnosus and L. delbrueckii since these strains were reported to regulate innate and adaptive immune systems and are well known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties [ 12 , 87 ]. Transplantation of pretreated MSCs with probiotics used in this study provided the advantages of distinct immunoregulatory ability in different Lactobacillus strains toward MSCs.…”

“…Recently, MSCs transplantation as a new strategy and trials of alternative therapies have been used to resolve toxicities of currently used drugs, such as immunosuppressive agents and corticosteroids. In an expanding body of studies, the communication mechanism between MSCs and bioactive molecules to increase the limited immunoregulatory capacity of MSCs has attracted increasing attention and has emerged as a promising platform f to enhance and extend the therapeutic application of MSCs [ 1 , 11 , 12 ]. Recently, Amendola et al have addressed that proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids act differently on MSCs bearing on the modulation of gene expression and controlling the fate of cell lineages and differentiation of them [ 13 ].…”

“…It should be noted that probiotics and the host’s immune system have shown their interdependence in developing and restoring each other’s desired functions in various conditions [ 25 , 26 ]. Probiotic therapy (the average recommended dose for each injection is 10 9 –10 11 microorganisms [ 27 ]) is one of the several approaches that has gained interest worldwide in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, cancer, and wound healing [ 12 , 25 , 28 – 33 ]. The therapeutic rationale is based on the role of probiotics in regulating immune cell development, immune tolerance control and autoimmunity, maintenance of immune homeostasis, and required for normal development and maturation of specific lymphoid tissue [ 1 , 34 – 40 ].…”