Effect of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in Retinopathy Patients on MDA, SOD Activity and its Correlation with HbA1c

Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a metabolic disorder of the retina and one of the common problems of Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T-2DM) causing visual loss even at teen ages. In this research article, oxidative stress was the main cause due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation at hyperglycemic state and become as the focus point of this study to describe (DR) complication onset. The present study was conducted to compare three groups: T-2DM with complication, T-2DM without complication and control group. For this purpose, number of the individuals participating in this study were n=110 as subject along with T-2DM patients with complication n=50, T-2DM patients without complication n=50 and rest n=10 are taken as control/ normoglycemic individuals. T-2DM patients with/without complication have TAG level is lower than normoglycemic/ control. An observed value of (HbA1c%) glycosylated or glycated hemoglobin type A1c concentration of T2DM with complication group was highest (9.63%) amongst the examined groups. T-2DM with complication has lowest SOD activity (660.96 U/gHb) but the malondialdehyde (MDA) level was found to be higher (5.96 µmol/L) amongst studied groups. Lowest plasma TAG, and higher plasma MDA level indicate the presence of oxidative stress in T2D with/without complications. SOD activity was decreased due to the protein glycation and the surplus level of lipid detoxification especially found in T-2DM cases. Good glycemic control counteracts the response of Lipid peroxidation usually occurs in hyperglycemic state.

Inverse Correlation of Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase with Type 2 Diabetes among Rural Thais

“…This finding agrees with other studies, which showed decreased levels of SOD and CAT in patients with T2D [30]. Hou et al (2021) reported a statistically significant decrease in the SOD activity in participants with T2D when compared with that in healthy individuals [5]. Similarly, Lipa et al (2016) concluded that low serum levels of SOD significantly correlated with the increased risk of T2D and cataract development among individuals with T2D [31].…”

“…Oxidative stress (OS) might be one of the major risk factors of early-onset T2D and the development of diabetic complications [3,4]. OS is associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and decreased efficiency in antioxidant systems [5]. T2D is reportedly significantly related to OS, and persistent long-term hyperglycemia can lead to excessive ROS formation in patients with diabetes [6].…”

Role of oxidative stress and severity of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes

“…Our results were agreed with the findings reported by (Bokhary et al, 2021) SOD levels were found to be significantly lower in diabetic participants than in nondiabetic controls. Additionally, (Hou et al, 2021) demonstrated that SOD activity was shown to be lowest in diabetic patients with complications; this automatically increased the amount of lipid peroxides (malondialdehyde), as compared to individuals who were not diagnosed with MVC complications or those in the control group.…”

“…Another research demonstrated that Compared to controls, superoxide dismutase levels were drastically reduced in cases, although malondialdehyde levels were dramatically elevated (Chatterjee & Chakraborti, 2020) . Additionally, (Hou et al, 2021) demonstrated that SOD activity was shown to be lowest in diabetic patients with complications; this automatically increased the amount of lipid peroxides (malondialdehyde), as compared to individuals who were not diagnosed with MVC complications or those in the control group.…”

Detrimental Effects of Lipid Peroxidation in Type 2 Diabetes: Exploring the Neutralizing Influence of Antioxidants

“…Additionally, a recent study reported that MDA levels were significant increase in patients with complications and without complications as compared to their heathy counterparts along with a significant reduction in SOD activity in T2D patients [ 75 ]. In agreement, others have shown that MDA levels were significantly elevated in patients with T2D, and this effect was more pronounced in those with microvascular complications when compared to healthy control subjects [ 47 , 76 ].…”