An Alternative Inactivant for Rift Valley Fever Virus using Cobra Venom-derived L-Amino Oxidase, which is Related to its Immune Potential

Al-Olayan, Ebtesam M.; Mohamed, Aly F.; El-Khadraqy, Manal F; Shebl, Rania Ibrahim; Yehia, HanryM

doi:10.1590/1678-4324-2016160044

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Within 2 hours of treatment, RVFV was completely inactivated, and the vaccine potency (ED50) was 0.0163 ml, which was in line with WHO recommendations that the ED50 be less than 0.02 ml and Soliman et al 27 findings. In previous studies Al-Olayan et al 28 reported that βPL had higher vaccine potency than formalin and ascorbic acid inactivants. This was due to βPL minimal effect on the viral epitope configurations that are responsible for antigenicity, as well as the fact that βPL had no harmful influences on the immune response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Influence of Gold Nanoparticles on the Immune Response to Rift Valley Fever Vaccine and Related Hepatophysiological Toxicity, Histological, and Immunohistochemical Alterations

Elqasem

Mohamed²

2021

Egypt J Pediatr Allergy Immunol

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Influence of gold nanoparticles on the immune response to rift valley fever vaccine and related hepatophysiological toxicity, histological, and immunohistochemical alterations Original articleBackground: Vaccination is a very effective method of stimulating the immune response against infections. Adjuvants are employed to enhance the immune response, but they must be safe, inexpensive, and easy to use. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate gold nanoparticles as immune enhancers for rift valley fever vaccine. Methods: The rats were divided into four groups (10 each): the negative control group, rats immunized with nonadjuvanted rift valley fever vaccine and the last two rat groups immunized with rift valley fever vaccine combined with 40 µM of spherical gold nanoparticles and combined with 40 µM of rod-shaped gold nanoparticles, respectively. Results: Compared with rats receiving no treatment and rats treated with nonadjuvanted vaccine, rats treated with vaccines combined with gold nanoparticles exhibited toxic biochemical, histological and immunohistochemical changes, as shown by significant elevations in liver enzymatic markers and total bilirubin. The magnitude of the biochemical changes was dependent on the shape of the gold nanoparticles: the elevations in liver enzymatic markers and total bilirubin were greater in the group treated with spherical gold nanoparticles than in the group treated with rod-shaped gold nanoparticles. Conclusion: It can be concluded that gold nanoparticles are promising vaccine cellular and humoral immune enhancers/adjuvants via different cytokine pathways.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Influence of Gold Nanoparticles on the Immune Response to Rift Valley Fever Vaccine and Related Hepatophysiological Toxicity, Histological, and Immunohistochemical Alterations

Elqasem

Mohamed²

2021

Egypt J Pediatr Allergy Immunol

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“…This represents a significant knowledge gap with respect to IPAC for these viruses. The available inactivation efficacy data relate to vaccine virus inactivation [22,23] and sample disinfection reagents/cell fixatives [19,21,24,25] for RVFV or CCHFV. The few microbicides that have been evaluated are solvents or detergents with expected efficacy for inactivating an enveloped virus, such as a bunyavirus.…”

Section: Crimean-congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus and Rift Valley Fever ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicted and Measured Virucidal Efficacies of Microbicides for Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses Associated with WHO Priority Diseases

Ijaz¹,

Nims²,

Cutts³

et al. 2022

Disinfection of Viruses

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The World Health Organization has updated its list of priority diseases for 2021 to currently include the following: Ebola virus disease and Marburg virus disease (Filoviridae), Nipah and henipaviral diseases (Paramyxoviridae), Lassa fever (Arenaviridae), Rift Valley fever and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (Bunyaviridae), Zika (Flaviviridae), COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) including Delta, Omicron, and other variants of concern, Middle East respiratory syndrome, severe acute respiratory syndrome (Coronaviridae), and the always present “disease X,” which is a term used for the next emerging pathogen of concern that is not known about today. In this chapter, we review the virucidal efficacy data for microbicides (disinfectants and antiseptics, also known as surface and hand hygiene agents or collectively hygiene agents) for the viruses associated with these diseases. As these diseases are each caused by lipid-enveloped viruses, the susceptibilities of the viruses to virucidal agents are informed by the known hierarchy of susceptibility of pathogens to microbicides. The unique susceptibility of lipid-enveloped viruses to most classes of microbicides is based on the common mechanism of action of envelope-disrupting microbicides. Empirical data supporting this principle and the mitigational role of targeted hygiene in infection prevention and control (IPAC) discussed are presented.

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“…Collected samples were freeze till use. Defrost samples were 10 fold diluted s previous and titrated into precultured Vero cells the end point of each sample collected was recorded and infectivity titer was plotted against time to determine the depletion time of each virus (15) .…”

Section: Antiviral Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Evaluation of Antiviral / Virucidal Activity of Naja Nubiae (Elapidae) Venom Against Rift Valley Fever and Herpes Simplex Virus Type -1 (HSV-1) Using Cell Culture

Yonys

Saber

Elfiky³

et al. 2019

The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine

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Background: Venoms are pretentious products secreted by snake, invertebrates and scorpions. Venoms composed of different proteins, toxic fractions, enzymes and hormones. Some fractions proved bioactivity including anticoagulation. antimicrobial and anticancer activity. Objective: The aim of the current study was to in vitro evaluate the Antiviral / virucidal activity of Naja nubia (Elapidae) venom against Rift Valley Fever (RVFv) and Herpes simplex virus type -1 (HSV-1) using cell culture. Materials and methods: Toxicity of tested venom was performed using cell culture to determine the safe concentration using MTT assay. Antiviral activity was conducted by precultured cell treatment with safe concentration of snake venom for 24 hr. then virus was dispensed as 0.1 ml / well in quadrate for each dilution. TCID50s of snake venom safe concentration treated and untreated cells were determined. The difference is the antiviral activity. Virucidal was conducted by mixing one part of virus models with nine parts of the safe concentration of snake venom at 37 o C. The infectivity titer / time interval was determined according to Reed and Menuch equation. Result: Data record revealed that the cell viability was concentration dependent recording an IC50 of 9.3 µg/ ml. Also, venom showed a very limited antiviral activity but the virucidal activity was time dependent and showed a depletion rate in the order of 0.72 log (10) and 0.94 log (10) /hr. for RVFV and HSV-1 respectively indicating that RVFv was moderately sensitive than HSV-1. Conclusion:It could be concluded that Naja Nubiae venom is a potentially virucidal agent than antiviral one with persistent inactivation potential.

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An Alternative Inactivant for Rift Valley Fever Virus using Cobra Venom-derived L-Amino Oxidase, which is Related to its Immune Potential

Abstract: ABSTRACT

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Influence of Gold Nanoparticles on the Immune Response to Rift Valley Fever Vaccine and Related Hepatophysiological Toxicity, Histological, and Immunohistochemical Alterations

Influence of Gold Nanoparticles on the Immune Response to Rift Valley Fever Vaccine and Related Hepatophysiological Toxicity, Histological, and Immunohistochemical Alterations

Predicted and Measured Virucidal Efficacies of Microbicides for Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses Associated with WHO Priority Diseases

In Vitro Evaluation of Antiviral / Virucidal Activity of Naja Nubiae (Elapidae) Venom Against Rift Valley Fever and Herpes Simplex Virus Type -1 (HSV-1) Using Cell Culture

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